Lesson plan 6: left-Hand traffic

LESSON PLAN 6: LEFT-HAND TRAFFIC [A]: AIMS : 1.Educational Themes: - The lesson focuses on the reaons why the English drive on the left. 2.Training skills: - The students are trained to develop their reading and writing skills. [B]: TEACHING POINTS : - Past Simple v Past Perfect - Relative Clause Introduced by Where, When, Why - Idiomatic Expressions [C]: TEACHING METHODS: - Communicative Approach combined with Grammar Translation. [D]: PROCEDURES: 1. Checking Attendance. 2. Oral Check-up. 3. Presentaion of a new lesson: I. VOCABULARY: 1/*left-hand (a) =/= right-hand (= on the left) (= on the right) 2/*traffic [‘tr fik] (n) : söï giao thoâng xe coä left-hand traffic : söï giao thoâng phía beân tay traùi traffic light : ñeøn giao thoâng traffic sign : baûng chæ daãn giao thoâng traffic jam : keït xe get stuck in a traffic jam : bò keït xe heavy traffic : xe coä ñoâng ñuùc 3/*investigate [in’vestigeit] = find out - The police didn’t succeed in investigating the bank robbery. investigation (n) : söï (cuoäc) ñieàu tra investigator (n) : nhaân vieân ñieàu tra 4/*at some length (idm) = to a certain extent ( ôû moät chöøng möïc naøo ñoù) 5/*legal [‘ligl] (a) = lawful (hôïp phaùp) =/= illegal - Is gamgling legal or illegal in Vietnam? 6/*barring (prep) = except, not including - She promised to come barring being busy. 7/*entrance [‘entr ns] (n) = gate, way in 8/*passage (n) : loái ñi 9/*court (n) : saân 10/*custom (n) : phong tuïc, taäp quaùn 11/*be grounded = be placed on a foundation (döïa vaøo, coù cô sôû ôû) - His success was grounded in his persistent efforts. 12/*sense (n) : ability to make judgements (yù thöùc) in good sense : theo leõ thöôøng sensible (a) = reasonable 13/*date back to (idm) = have existed since ( coù töø) - The castle dates back to the 15th century 14/*to and fro (adv) = forwards and backwards (tôùi lui) travel to and fro : ñi tôùi ñi lui 14/*mount [maunt] = get on (leo) mount a horse : (leo) leân ngöïa dismount a horse : xuoáng ngöïa ride a horse : côõi ngöïa fall off a horse : teù (ngaõ) ngöïa 15/*a matter of convenience : vaán ñeà tieän lôïi - We didn’t fint it a matter of convenience to open the conference on such a day. 16/*tavern [‘t„vn] (n) = pub, bar 17/*aim towards = point towards (nhaém ñeán) - The police immediately aimed towards the accident place. 18/*otherwise (adv) = if not, or 19/*mud (n) : buøn muddy (a) : coù buøn a muddy road 20/*slop (n) = dirty waste water 21/*bear [ber] (v) = go in the direction bear to the left : ñi theo phía traùi 22/*forefather (n) = ancestor (toå tieân) 23/*reverse [ri’v:s] (v) = turn something the other way round (ñaûo ngöôïc) 24/*found [faund] (v) = establish, build foundation (n) : söï thaønh laäp founder (n) : ngöôøi saùng laäp - He is one of the founders of the association. 25/*out of (prep) = due to , owing to - He asked such a question out of his curiosity. 26/*perverse [p ‘v3:s] (a) = stubborn (böôùng bænh, ngoan coá, coá chaáp) perversity (n) sheer perversity = pure subbornness 27/*pope [poup] (n) : ñöùc giaùo hoaøng papal [‘peipl} (a) = of the pope -papal carriage : xe ngöïa cuûa ñöùc giaùo hoaøng 28/*Napoleon Bonarparte (1769-1821) : Emperor of France (Hoaøng ñeá nöôùc Phaùp giai ñoaïn töø 1804 ñeán 1815) 29/*reign [rein] (n) = rule of a King or Queen (trieàu ñaïi) 30/*decree [di’kri:] = order (ra saéc leänh) 31/*authority [o:’uriti] (n) : quyeàn theá - The authorities are making laws to protect the people’s rights. 32/*clear (a) = free from obstruction - Don’t stand by the gate. Leave it clear for the cars to run in and out. 33/*come along = arrive, appear 34/*conquer [‘konq ]= invade, overcome - Man is conquering space. 35/*put in force = take effect (thi haønh) 36/*conflict [kon’flikt] (v) = be in opposition (traùi ngöôïc, maâu thuaån) conflicting theories : caùc lyù thuyeát maâu thuaån nhau) 37/*come into being = come into existence = be born (ñöôïc hình thaønh) - The Socialist Republic of Vietnam came into being on July 2nd, 1976. 38/*get into = acquire get into a bad habit : nhieãm thoùi xaáu 39/*slash [sl ] (v) = make a cut with a sword or knife (cheùm, caét) 40/*thrust (v) = push suddenly and violently (ñaâm, thoïc) 41/*logical [‘lodzikl] (a) = sensible 42/*Londoner (n) : daân Luaân -ñoân 43/*Parisian [p ‘rizi n] : daân Pa-ri II.GRAMMAR : Past Simple v Past Perfect: - The pope came to visit Paris. Up to then there had been no rule about the movement of traffic. + Thì Past Perfect (Quaù Khöù Hoaøn Thaønh) duøng ñeå chæ moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc cuõng trong quaù khöù (past action). - When he had finished his work, he went home. - By the time I arrived at the station, the train had gone. + Thì Past Perfect coøn dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc moät ñieåm thôøi gian xaùc ñònh ôû quaù khöù. - By 10 o’clock last night, I had gone to bed. (2) Relative Clause Introduced by Where, When, Why: * There is one place in England where it is legal to drive on the right. * The custom dated back to the period when many Londoners travelleed on horseback. * We are trying to find out the reason why the English drive on the left. Some more examples: - That is the village in which I used to live. That is the village where I used to live. - Sunday is the day on which most people rest. Sunday is the day when most people rest. - There must be a reason for which you said that. There must be a reason why you said that. In (on / at) which ---(place)-- where On (in / at) which ---(time )-- when For which --(reason)- why Where vaø when coù theå ñöôïc duøng ñeå giôùi thieäu meänh ñeà xaùc ñònh vaø meänh ñeà khoâng xaùc ñònh. - We visited the town where I was born.(defining) - I bought them at the supermarket, where I met Mrs.Brown.(non-defining) - I saw the film last year, when I was in Paris.(non-defining) - I think that was the time when I lost all my money.(defining) Why thöôøng ñöôïc duøng trong meänh ñeà xaùc ñònh vaø thöôøng theo sau a reason hay the reason. - That is the reason why I didn’t come to the party yesterday. Where, when vaø why ñöôïc goïi laø traïng töø quan heä (relative adverbs) (3) Idiomatic Expressions: Men on horseback had a practice of running each other through with swords. *catch sight of : baét gaëp *lose sight of : khoâng thaáy *make fun of : cheá dieãu *make use of : duøng *lose track of : maát daáu *take account of : löu taâm *take note of : ñeå yù *take notice of : löu yù *take advantage of : lôïi duïng *take leave of : töø bieät *give birth to : sinh ra *give way to : nhöôïng boä *pay attention to : chuù yù tôùi *put an end to : keát thuùc *put a stop to : döøng laïi *set fire to : ñoát chaùy *make a contribution to : goùp phaàn *lose touch with : maát lieân laïc *keep pace with : theo kòp *keep correspondence with : giöõ lieân laïc *make room for : doïn choã cho *make allowance for : chieáu coá *make a decision on : quyeát ñònh veà *have an influence on : aûnh höôûng tôùi *make a complaint about : than phieàn veà III. COMPREHENSION : (1) Same/Different: a. In England people can drive on the right in the passage and court at the Strand entrance to the Savoy Hotel. [S] b. The custom of driving on the left dates back to the days when English people went to and fro on horseback. [S] c. In a guidebook, an English author mentioned that the left-hand rule was put in force by Napoleon Bonaparte [D] d. Men on horseback used to have a practice of running each other through with swords in their left hands. [D] (2) Some suggested questions: a. In what place in England can people drive on the right? b. When does the custom of bearing to the left in traffic in England date back to? c. On which side of the road did the Parisians move before the arrival of the Pope? d. How did Napoleon make the right-hand rule a general law throughout Europe? e. Why didn’t the British move on the right as other European people did? 4. Re-inforcement: 5. Home Assignments: - Exercises on Page 88-89-90-91-92 - Some more exercises. A/ Write where,when or why to complete these sentences. 1/ We visited the school……my father taught. - We visited the school where my father taught. 2/ I met her last month,……she came to our house. - I met her last month, when she came to our house. 3/ There must be a reason……you said that. - There must be a reason why you said that. 4/ We all looked at the place……….the fire had started. 5/ Do you remember the time……….Alice fell off her bicycle? 6/ Did they tell you the reason……….they were late? 7/ The cat sat on the wall,……….it had a good view of the birds. 8/ I,m talking about the time………they didn’t have cars. 9/ Last year I spent my holidays in England,……….I met Andy. 10/ I couldn’t understand the reason……….they were so rude. 11/ I bought them last year,………I was in France. 12/ We went away in August,……….the children were on holiday from school. 13/ I never liked the house……….my husband was born. 14/ They arrived in the evening, at a time……….we were all out. 15/ I listen to the music late at night,………..the children have gone to bed. 16/ I visited the town…………I was born. 17/ I saw the film last year,……….I was in Paris. 18/ I bought them at the supermarket,………..I met Mrs Brown. 19/ I think that was the time……….I lost all my money. 20/ I met him in the café,……..he was working as a waiter. B/ Rewrite these sentences, using relative clauses with where, when or why. 1/ The early morning is the time.I work best then. - The early morning is the time when I work best. 2/ Its central location is the reason. That’s why we chose this flat. - Its central location is the reason why he chose this flat. 3/ That’s the place.We stayed there for our honeymoon . - That’s the place where we stayed for our honeymoon. 4/ His mid-teens were the time.He first became interested in politics then. -……. 5/ His dishonesty is the reason. That’s why I left him. -……. 6/ Edindinburgh is the city.I’d most like to live there. -……. 7/ The outdoor swimming pool has now been closed down.We often went there . -……. 8/ This is the picture of the place. We’re going there for our holidays. -……. 9/ His refusal to tell him the truth is the reason. That’s why she’s so angry with him. -…… 10/ This is the place. I fell off my bicycle here. -…… 11/ The peaple I work with are the reason. That’s why I stay in the job. -….. 12/ That terrible night in December changed my life forever.I found out then what had been going on. -….. 13/ 1990 was the year. We moved here in that year. -….. C/ Read the passage and complete the spaces with: where / when / who/ which / whose. The 5th of November is a day ……… children all over Britain light bonfires and set off fireworks. They are remembering Guy Fawkes ………….. attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament was unsuccessful in 1605.On November the 4th, Fawkes was found hiding in the cellars ………… lie beneath Parliament. There was also a large quantity of gunpowder ………… he intended to set off ………. the King opened the new session of Parliament the next day. He was arrested, sentenced to death and hanged. There were several others in the plot, but Fawkes was the one ………. was caught and blamed. If he had succeeded, he would have killed the King, all of the Bishops, a large percentage of the aristocracy and most of the Members of Parliament. The cellars ………. Fawkes was captured are still searched before each opening of Parliament, and on the evening of November the 4th every year. November the 5th is known as “ Guy Fawkes’ Night”, and a model of Fawkes is burned on the bonfires. Unfortunately, November the 5th is also an evening ………... hospitals are very busy treating children ……….. have been injured by fireworks. The fire brigade is also busy, putting out the fires ……….. have been started accidentally. Some people believe that it is a festival ……….. we should forget. There are now strict controls on shops ……….. children buy fireworks, and television warnings about the dangers of fireworks. D/ Write sentences from these prompts. 1/ optician / tests people’s eyes. - A person who tests people’s eyes is an optician. 2/ bank / cash cheques. - A place where you can cash cheques is a bank. 3/ November 5th / Guy Fawkes. - November 5th is the day when we remember Guy Fawkes. 4/ vacuum cleaner / cleans carpets. - A machine which cleans carpets is a vacuum cleaner. 5/ orphan / parents dead . - A child whose parents are dead is an orphan. 6/ lawn mower / cuts grass. -….. 7/ November 11th / World War I ended. -…… 8/ widower / wife dead. -…… 9/ journalist / writes for newspapers. -…… 10/ filling station / buy petrol. -…… 11/ July 14th / the French Revolution. -…… 12/ gymnasium / do exercises. -……. 13/ waiter / brings your food in a restaurant. -…… 14/ video recorder / records television programmes. -…… 15/ widow / husband dead. -…… E/ Fill in each blank with a suitable idiomatic expression. * catch sight of * give place to * give way to * keep pace with * lose sight of * make allowance for * make fun of * make a fuss over * make room for * make use of * lose touch with * lose track of * put a stop to * take account of * take care of * take notice of * pay attention to * put an end to * set fire to * take advantage of * take note of 1/ She was furious that she was being ..made fun of. 2/ The house had been remodelled and_____________. 3/ I haven’t sent letters to her for a long time. In fact, we have ________ each other. 4/ You have to move this box to _____________ the new television set. 5/ Have you ____________ the “No Smoking”? 6/ You have to study harder to _____________ your classmates. 7/ I’d like to _____________ this opportunity to explain the difficulty I’ve met. 8/ We have to _____________ these difficult circumstances. 9/ He ran as fast as he could, but he was not able to ___________ his anger. 10/ He lost control of his temper and ____________ his anger. 11/ Be calm and don’t ______________ such trifles. 12/ This man was sent to prison for ___________ his house. 13/ I turned around and _____________ Mary getting into a taxi. 14/ Tom is old enough ____________ himself. 15/ If he ____________ what the teacher says, he might make progress. F/ Supply the correct verb tense. 1/ I’m sure they (complete) ____________ the new road by next June. 2/ He (wait) __________ for you when you (get) __________ back tomorrow. 3/ At this time tomorrow, we (drive) __________ through California. 4/ We (see) __________ you next month. 5/ In two years from now, the contract (come) _________ to an end. 6/ By November, I (work) _____________ for this company for 6 years. 7/ If you call her at 6, she (probably practice) ____________ the piano. 8/ By March 15th, I (live) __________ here for a year. 9/ The teacher hopes we (pass) ___________ our examination. 10/ Don’t call him at 2:30. He (interview) __________ job applicants at that time. 11/ When he lived in Manchester, he (work) _________ in a bank. 12/ Birds (build) _________ their nests in summer and (fly) _______ to the South in winter. 13/ I (lose) ________ my key. Can you help me to look for it? 14/ My father (not smoke) ___________ since last year. 15/ Tom (not want) _________ to go to the cinema last night because he (already see) ___________ that film. 16/ Tom and Susan (know) ___________ each other for 6 months. 17/ My mother wasn’t at home when he (arrive) _______. She (just go) ______ out. 18/ The postmen (deliver) _________ letters twice a day. 19/ I (work) _________ on the report when you arrived this morning. 20/ How long (you learn) ______________ English? –For 7 years. G/ Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the words given. 1/ Tom is sorry that he didn’t watch the football match last night. - Tom wishes… 2/ The test we did yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it in an hour. - Yesterday we did…. 3/ “How many students are there in your class?” - The man asked me… 4/ “You should apply for this job?” - Mr Brown advised me…. 5/ You must hurry or we’ll miss the train. - Unless we…. 6/ Although he’s got an Enlish name, he is in fact German. - Despite… 7/ I found a place to live but it was difficult. - I had difficulty… 8/ He’s fat because he doesn’t take exercise. - If he…. 9/ It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down. - The book was… 10/ The store was opened in 1932 . - They…. H/ Rearrange the following sentences. 1/ store / home /to /went / John /the /before / gone / had/ he. - John had gone to the store before he went home. 2/ that /Our /yesterday / he / England /visited / had / told / teacher / us. -…… 3/ reason / was / I / early / why / couldn’t / the / come / That. -….. 4/ gone / Paris / lady / yesterday / here / The / was / to / has/ who. -….. 5/ for / he / at / retired / George / university / worked / had / 30 / years / the /before. -….. 6/ remember / day / first / him / I / don’t /the / met / when. -…. 7/ is / to / of / make / It / cruel /fun / people / disabled. -……. 8/ drive / or / your / Do / on / left / the / people / country /the / in / right/on? -…… 9/ will / Nobel / This / never / day / received / the / scientist / forget / Prize / physics / for / when /he / the. -….. 10/ where / many / moves / traffic / the / There / countries / on /are / right / the . -……. I/ Supply the correct word form. 1/ I don’t think the food is very good, but it is ……………. (tolerate) 2/ They’ve got a ……………. result. (satisfy) 3/ Carbon dioxide occurs in the air …………… (nature) 4/ Children are ……………. to overcome problems. (determine) 5/ They got the ……………. of being successful in life. (satisfy) 6/ He is a young man with great ………… (expect) 7/ I like your new …………… machine. (calculate) 8/ May I borrow your………….. (calculate) 9/ The industrial ……………… will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop) 10/ We must make ………….. for our old age by saving money. (provive) 11/ I’m ………… sorry for the delay. (extreme) 12/ It’s ………….. kind of you. (awful) 13/ The doctor told me to ………… in slowly. (breath) 14/ It is often useful to make a …………… between two things. (compare) 15/ She has been worn down by ………… and ……….. (poor/ill) 16/ Our pupils are raising money for the ……….. (poor) 17/ This is the greatest scientific …………… of the decade. (achieve) 18/ Mary was ……….. with long and difficult exercises. (bore) 19/ I enjoyed the football match. It was quite …………. (excite) 20/ He has great ……….. in God. (believe) J/ Supply the missing prepositions. We speak ……. the weather almost every day.Before we begin doing something, we want ……. know what kind ….. weather it is going ….. be. Why do you speak ……… the weather so often? The answer is not difficult. We want sunny weather when we go ……. a walk ….. the country, and …… a rainy day we stay …… home reading books, watching television or doing other things. When we are …… the seaside, windy weather is not a pleasure. It is bad. The sun will stop shining and rain may come. Is there anything we can do and must do …… any weather? Yes, of course there is. As the English people say, “Rain or shine, we must go …..school.”. School is good ….. any weather, isn’t it? Make up questions and answer them. 1/ Why / important / us / know / what weather / going / be? -…….. -…….. 2/ What / wrong / windy weather / we / seaside? -….. -…… 3/ What / you / like / do /rainy day? -…. -….