Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 50 (Có đáp án)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The modern comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants of the American press in the late nineteenth century. The first full-color comic strip appeared January 1894 in the New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer. The first regular weekly full-color comic supplement, similar to today's Sunday funnies, appeared two years later, in William Randolph Hearst's rival New York paper, the Morning Journal. Both were immensely popular, and publishers realized that supplementing the news with comic relief boosted the sale of papers. The Morning Journal started another feature in 1896, the "Yellow Kid", the first continuous comic character in the United States, whose creator, Richard Outcault, had been lured away from the World by the ambitious Hearst. The "Yellow Kid" was in many ways a pioneer. Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came to characterize later strips, and it introduced the speech balloon inside the strip, usually placed above the characters' heads. The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was Rudolph Dirks's "Katzenjammer Kids," based on Wilhelm Busch's Max and Moritz, a European satire of the nineteenth century. The "Kids" strip, first published in 1897, served as the prototype for future American strips. It contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast of characters, and was divided into small regular panels that did away with the larger panoramic scenes of most earlier comics. Newspaper syndication played a major role in spreading the popularity of comic strips throughout the country. Though weekly colored comics came first, daily black-and-white strips were not far behind. The first appeared in the Chicago American in 1904. It was followed by many imitators, and by 1915 black-and-white comic strips had become a staple of daily newspapers around the country. Question 1: In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage? In the order in which they were created. From most popular to least popular. According to the newspaper in which they appeared. In alphabetical order by title. Question 2: According to the passage, the “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to do all of the following EXCEPT . A. feature the same character in each episode B. include dialogue inside a balloon C. appear in a Chicago newspaper D. characterize life in a humorous way Question 3: The word “incorporate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. combine B. mention C. create D. affect Question 4: Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst? Their comic strips are still published today. They owned major competitive newspapers. They established New York’s first newspaper. They published comic strips about the newspaper war. Question 5: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to . A. balloon B. farce C. dialogue D. the “Yellow Kid” Question 6: The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons? Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings. They were about real-life situations. Readers could identify with the characters. They provided a break from serious news stories. Question 7: What does the passage mainly discuss? The differences between early and modern comic strips Features of early comic strips in the United States. The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories. A comparison of two popular comic strips. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects - an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity. Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized. Question 8: The word “striking” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _ . A. physical B. confusing C. noticeable D. successful Question 9: Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they . A. are simple in structure B. have been given scientific names C. are viewed positively by people D. are found mainly in temperate climates Question 10: The word “exceed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _ . A. locate B. allow C. go beyond D. come close to Question 11: Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists? European butterfly habitats. Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions. Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region. Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups. Question 12: All of the followings are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT . differences between temperate and tropical zones. patterns of distribution of species in each region. migration among temperate and tropical zones. variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants. Question 13: Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss? A. Their physical characteristics B. Their adaptation to different habitats C. Their names D. Their variety Question 14: The word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to . A. insects B. butterflies C. patterns D. issues Question 15: The idea “little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution” in paragraph 5 is that . there are many other things that we don’t know about butterfly evenness distribution we don’t know anything about butterfly evenness distribution we know much about butterfly evenness distribution we know about butterfly evenness distribution to some extent Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in architecture and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments. Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling. Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials. Question 16: Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in paragraph 1? To demonstrate how glass evolved. To show the versatility of glass. To explain glassmaking technology. To explain the purpose of each component of glass. Question 17: What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass? A. They were the same for centuries. B. They are liquid. C. They are transparent. D. They are very heavy. Question 18: According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most other rigid substances? A. It has an interlocking crystal network. B. It has an unusually low melting temperature. C. It has varying physical properties. D. It has a random molecular structure. Question 19: The words "exposed to" in paragraph 2 most likely mean . A. hardened by B. chilled withC. subjected to D. deprived of Question 20: What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during manufacture? The glass must be reheated and evenly cooled. The glass must be cooled quickly. The glass must be kept moist until cooled. The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately. Question 21: The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to . A. feature B. glass C. manner D. viscosity Question 22: According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals It resists breaking when heated It has better optical properties. It retains heat while its viscosity changes. It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most people can remember a phone number for up to trirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are eerased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows atimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity an duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A.Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or nam rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal”. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by rocognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choise tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. Question 23: Accoeding to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM? They revert from the long term memory. They are filtered from the sensory storage area. They get chunked when they enter the brain. They enter via the nervous system. Question 24: All of the following are mentioned as places in which memories are stored EXCEPT the . A. STM. B. long term memory. C. sensory storage area. D. maintenance area. Question 25: Why does the author mentions a dog’s bark? To give an example of a type of memory. To provide a type of interruption. To prove that dogs have better memories than humans. To comare another sound that is loud like a doorbell. Question 26: The word “elaborate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. complex B. efficient C. pretty D. regular Question 27: Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage? The working memory is the same as the short term memory. A meomry is kept alive through constant reprtition. Cues help people to recognize information. Multiple choise exams are the most difficult. Question 28: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to . A. a pen B. a paper C. a phone number D. a person Question 29: The author beliveves that rote rotation is . A. the best way to remember something B. more efficient than chunking C. ineffective in the long run D. an unnecessary interruption Question 30: The word “cues” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. questions B. clues C. images D. tests Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer would know this immediately, there would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment. In addition to broadsides, book and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbook were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply. By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publication that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used. Question 31: Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss? A. Laws governing the printing industry. B. Competition among printers. C. Types of publications produced. D. Advances in printing technology. Question 32: According to the passage, why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects? Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major projects. There was inadequat shipping available in the colonies. Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price. Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects. Question 33: Broasides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they . required a small financial investment and sold quickly. were in great demand in European markets. were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets. generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists. Question 34: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to . A. chapbooks B. talesC. jokes D. pages Question 35: The word “appealing” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. dependable B. respectable C. enduring D. attactive Question 36: What were “steady sellers”? Printers whose incomes were quite large. People who traveled from town to town selling books and pamphlets. Investors who provided reliable financial support for new printers. Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year. Question 37: All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT . A. broadsides B. catechisms C. chapbooks D. Almanacs Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Endangered species There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species. Aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty. The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and literature of every culture attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups. According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world. Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self-interest. By preserving all species, we retain a balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind. Recent research on global ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species. Some advocates of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human beings. If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us. Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint stated in the United Nations World Charter for Nature, created in 1982. Furthermore, if humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the continued existence of all species. Moral justification has been extended by a movement called “deep ecology,” the members of which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective. To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made for the biosphere, not for people. Question 38: : Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. The beauty of the world B. The quality of life C. The preservation of species D. The balance of nature Question 39: Which of the arguments supports animal rights? A. Aesthetic justification B. Ecological argument C. Self-interest argument D. Moral justification Question 40: The word “perspective” in the 3rd paragraph could best be replaced by A. idea B. event C. truth D. view Question 41: The word “them” in the 3rd paragraph refers to . A. humankind B. stewards C. creatures D. human beings Question 42: Where in the passage does the author explain how rare species contribute to the health of the human species? A. line 1-3 B. line 5-6 C. line 11-13 D. line 18-20 Question 43: According to the passage, what do we know from research on global ecosystem? A. Nature is very diverse. B. A balance of nature is important. C. Humans have a responsibility to nature D. Nature represents spiritual values. Question 44: The author mentioned all of the following as justifications for the protection of endangered species EXCEPT . A. the natural compounds needed for medicinesB. the intrinsic value of the beauty of nature C. the control of pollution in the biosphere D. the right to life implied by their existence Question 45: It can be inferred from the passage that the author . is a member of the “deep ecology” movement does not agree with ecological self-interest supports all of the arguments to protect species participated in drafting the Charter for Nature Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The Art World One of the major problems in the art world is how to distinguish and promote an artist. In effect, a market must be created for an artist to be successful. The practice of signing and numbering individual prints was introduced by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, the nineteenth- century artist best known for the painting of his mother, called “Arrangement in Grey and Black”, but known to most of us as “Whistler’s Mother”. Whistler’s brother-in-law, Sir Francis Seymour Haden, a less well-known artist, had speculated that collectors might find prints more attractive if they knew that there were only a limited number of copies produced. By signing the work in pencil, an artist could guarantee and personalize each print. As soon as Whistler and Haden began the practice of signing and numbering their prints, their work began to increase in value. When other artists noticed that the signed prints commanded higher prices, they began copying the procedure. Although most prints are signed on the right-hand side in the margin below the image, the placement of the signature is a matter of personal choice. Indeed, prints have been signed within image, in any of the margins, or even on the reverse side of the’print. Wherever the artist ele