Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 48 (Có đáp án)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions BÀI SỐ 1 Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator. In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures. High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen. A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computes the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images. Question 1: What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss? A. The production procession B. The equipment needed C. The high cost D. The role of the artist Question 2: According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the _ . A. first frame B. middle frames C. last frame D. entire sequences of frames Question 3: The word "they" in the second paragraph refers to A. formulas B. objects C. numbers D. database Question 4: According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to . A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time C. store individual images D. create new frames Question 5: According to the passage, the positions and colours of the figures in high-tech animation are determined . drawing several versions enlarging one frame at a lime analyzing the sequence from different angles using computer calculations Question 6: The word "captures" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers Question 7: Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? Computers have reduced the costs of animation. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills. BÀI SỐ 2 In the world today, particularly in the two most industrialized areas, North America and Europe, recycling is big news. People are talking about it, practicing it, and discovering new ways to be sensitive the environment. Recycling means finding ways to used products a second time. The motto of the recycling movement is "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle". The first step is to reduce garbage. In stores, a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings. A hamburger from a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging: usually paper, a box, and a bag. All that packaging is wasted resources. People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse cups and utensils. Another way to reduce waste is to buy high-quality products. When low quality appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones - a loss of more resources and more energy. For example, if a customer buys a high-quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the manufacturer receives an important message. In the same way, if a customer chooses a product with less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers. To reduce garbage, the throwaway must stop. The second step is to reuse. It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in returnable bottles. After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the store. The manufacturers of the drinks collect the bottles, wash them, and then fill them again. The energy that is necessary to make new bottles is saved. In some parts of the world, returning bottles for money is a common practice. In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throwaway bottles. The third step is being environmentally sensitive is to recycle. Spent motor oil can be cleaned and used again. Aluminum cans are expensive to make. It takes the same amount of energy to make one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours. When people collect and recycle aluminum (for new cans), they help save one of the world's precious resources. Question 8: Which area is considered one of the most industrialized? A. South America B. Middle East C. Europe D. Asia Question 9: What does the word “sensitive” in line 2 means? A. cautious B. logical C. friendly D. responding Question 10: The word “motto” is closet in meaning to A. meaning B. value C. belief D. reference Question 11: It is a waste when customers buy low-quality products because A. they have to be repaired many times. B. they will soon throw them away C. customers always change their area D. they are very cheap Question 12: What is the topic of the passage? How to live sensitively to the environment. How to reduce garbage disposal. What is involved in the recycling movement. What people understand the term “recycle” Question 13: People can do the following to reduce waste EXCEPT A. buy high-quality products B. buy simply-wrapped things C. reuse cups D. buy more hamburgers Question 14: What best describe the process of reuse? The bottles are collected, washed, returned and filled again. The bottles are washed, returned filled again and collected. The bottles are filled again after being returned, collected and washed. The bottles are collected, returned, filled again and washed. BÀI SỐ 3 A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States. North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the new people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population. In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately. There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the ques- tionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent. Question 15: According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live interviews . A. minimize the influence of the researcher B. are easier to interpret C. costless D. can produce more information Question 16: The word “they” refers to . A. interviews B. opinions C. news shows D. North Americans Question 17: Which word is given definition in the text? A. sampling B. poll C. survey D. interview Question 18: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey? A sociologist who is able to interpret the results Carefully worded questions An interviewer’s ability to measure respondents’ feelings A high number of respondents Question 19: What does the passage mainly discuss? The principles of conducting surveys The importance of polls in American political life Problems associated with interpreting surveys The history of surveys in North America BÀI SỐ 4 Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the 20 million mark. Most of his surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930’s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before settle. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950’s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase in the first half of the 1960’s was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957. Question 20: What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Educational changes in Canadian society B. Canada during the Second World War C. Population trends in postwar Canada D. Standards of living in Canada. Question 21: The word “five” in bold refers to A. Canadians B. years C. decades D. marriages Question 22: The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to A. new B. extra C. accelerating D. surprising Question 23: The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s A. the urban population decreased rapidly B. fewer people married C. economic conditions were poor D. the birth rate was very high Question 24: The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to: A. tendency B. aim C. growth D. directive Question 25: The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT A. people being better educated B. people getting married earlier C. better standards of living D. couples buying houses Question 26: It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution A. families were larger B. population statistics were unreliable C. the population grew steadily D. economic conditions were bad Question 27: The word “it” in bold refers to A. horizon B. population wave C. nine percent D. first half BÀI SỐ 5 Shyness may not seem to be a serious complaint, but for some who suffer from it, it can become unbearable. Even talking to a small group of people you know can seem like an ordeal - it can feel as if you’ve been asked to give a speech on a topic you know very little about to a number of experts. You start to feel hot and shaky, your heart beats faster, your knees feel weak, you begin to stutter and the whole experience seems to last forever. The fact of the matter is that shyness is something we often recognize in others: blushing is one of the more visible signs, for example. Yet we do not judge someone harshly because of this. But shyness does mean you are harder to approach, so you become more isolated. As one shy person put it, “It’s like being in a prison, and it’s very hard to break out.” Experts on the subject have come up with various possible solutions, and one has been singled out as being the key to success, namely, finding an interest in common with other people. Spending a lot of time on the sidelines watching other people and envying them because they are much more outgoing doesn’t help; remembering that some of the people you envy most are probably shy themselves. The secret is how you deal with it. And experts have come up with four things you can do today to help. Firstly, you can start by listening to other people. You will find yourself getting interested in what they’re talking about and asking questions, and before you know it, you’ll be having a conversation. Secondly, you could try asking neighbors if you can walk their dog. Like children, pets can be excellent icebreakers for conversations with passers-by. Thirdly, try joining a class to learn something like tap-dancing or flamenco, where people are likely to laugh a lot. You’ll feel relaxed, and also you’ll be much too busy concentrating on what you are doing to feel shy. Lastly, try telling yourself that it doesn’t matter if you say or do something silly. Most people make a fool of themselves every so often, and it’s not the end of the world if you do. Question 28. One of the symptoms of shyness in a stressful situation is A. sweating a lot. B. an increased heart rate. C. pain in the knees. D. excessive talkativeness. Question 29. Why do shy people become more reserved? Their social unease makes them more difficult to talk to. They see that others are shy too. Other people lack the patience to talk to them. They dread being judged by others. Question 30. The word “blushing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. going green B. going red C. smiling D. sweating Question 31. What do experts believe is the most essential measure to be taken? Studying others’ behaviour in social situations. Discovering shared interests with others. Comparing yourself to other people. Finding out what makes other people shy. Question 32. How can listening to others prove helpful in combating shyness? You develop useful psychological skills. It’s the first step to getting into conversation. People will see you care about their interests. It’s a visible sign of becoming less shy. BÀI SỐ 6 Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep. The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun. Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month. Question 33. What is the main point of the first paragraph? The waves created by ocean currents are very large. Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water. Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water. The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water. Question 34. The word “felt” in line 3 is closest in meaning to A. based B. dropped C. detected D. explored Question 35. The words “In reality” in line 8 are closest in meaning to A. surprisingly B. actually C. characteristically D. similarly Question 36. It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is A. size B. distance C. temperature D. density Question 37 The word “correspondingly” in line 11 is closest in meaning to A. unpredictably B. interestingly C. similarly D. unusually Question 38. What is the cause of spring tides? Seasonal changes in the weather The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the Earth The Earth's movement around the Sun The triangular arrangement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon BÀI SỐ 7 Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helped to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this was to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produced pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians made stock fish and the Arabs dried dates and apricots. All foods contain water - cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying. Plums for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically; the conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110°C at entry to about 45°C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed. Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Question 39: What is the main idea of the passage? A. Mechanization of drying foods B. Water, the main component of food C. Advantages of dried foods D. Different methods of drying foods. Question 40: The word “checked” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. put a tick B. reduced considerably C. motivated to develop D. examined carefully Question 41: In the process of drying certain kinds of fruits, sulphur fumes helps . A. crack the skin B. kill of bacteria C. remove the wax coating D. maintain the color Question 42: According to the passage, dried foods are most useful for . A. people who are on the move B. explores who are underweight C. housewives who have little storage space D. soldiers who are not in battle. Question 43: This passage is mainly . A. informative B. fictional C. argumentative D. anal ytical Question 44: We prefer going by train because we can enjoy the sight. We would like to go by train, or we will enjoy the sight. We enjoy the sight although we go by train. We prefer going by train to enjoying the sight. We would like to go by train so that we can enjoy the sight. Question 45: The airport taxes are included in the ticket price. You need to pay for ticket and airport taxes. The ticket is included in the airport taxes. The ticket price includes the airport taxes. The airport taxes and ticket price should be paid separately. Question 46: The researchers finalized their research methods. The researchers chose the last research methods. The researchers made the final decision on their research methods Research methods are decided at the final stage of the study. The researchers saved research methods for the final part. Question 47: We always find Robert’s stories amusing. Robert’s amusing stories are found. Robert always interested in amusing stories. We are always amused by Robert’s stories. We always find Robert reading amusing stories. Question 48: The secretary was upset because she was fired. The secretary was unhappy as she lost her job. The secretary was so angry that she set fire to the office. The job was upsetting that the secretary gave it up. The fire was so devastating that the secretary was upset. BÀI SỐ 8 Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures. With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will preven