Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 44 (Có đáp án)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same "facial language". Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree , in people's behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings. The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions. Question 1: The word " evolved" is closest in meaning to . A. developed B. simplified C. increased D. reduced Question 2: Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether . raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth. different cultures have similar emotional expressions. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar. Question 3: Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to . A. change their behaviour B. conceal their positive emotions C. display their emotions openly D. control their emotions Question 4: The biggest difference lies in . A. how intensive emotions are expressed B. how often positive emotions are shown C. how emotional responses are controlled D. how long negative emotions are displayed Question 5: According to the passage, we respond to others by . A. looking at their faces B. observing their looks C. watching their actions D. observing their emotional expressions Question 6: Young children . spend a long time learning to read others' emotions are sensitive towards others' emotions make amazing progress in controlling their emotions take time to control their facial expressions Question7: The best title for the passage is . Human habit of displaying emotions Ways to control emotional expressions Cultural universals in emotional expressions Review of research on emotional expressions Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often. Question 8: The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cell phone too often, . A. suffered serious loss of mental ability B. abandoned his family. C. had a problem with memory D. could no longer think lucidly Question 9: Doctors have tentatively concluded that cell phones may . A. change their users’ temperament B. have damaged their users’ emotions C. cause some mental malfunction D. change their users’ social behaviours Question 10: According to the writer, people should . keep off mobile phones regularly never use mobile phones in all cases only use mobile phones in medical emergencies only use mobile phones in urgent cases Question 11: The changes possibly caused by the cell phones are mainly concerned with . A. the resident memory B. the smallest units of the brain C. the mobility of the mind and the body D. the arteries of the brain Question 12: According to the passage, cell phones are especially popular with young people because . they keep the users alert all the time they make them look more stylish they are indispensable in everyday communications they cannot be replaced by regular phones Question 13: The word "potentially" in the passage most closely means _ . A. possibly B. certainly C. obviously D. privately Question 14: According to the passage, what makes mobile phones potentially harmful is . A. their power of attraction B. their raiding power C. their radiant light D. their invisible rays Question 15: The phrase "negative publicity" in the passage most likely means . poor ideas about the effects of cell phones the negative public use of cell phones widespread opinion about bad effects of cell phones information on the lethal effects of cell phones Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Have you ever entered a tropical rainforest? It’s a special, dark place completely different from anywhere else. A rainforest is a place where the trees grow very tall. Millions of kinds of animals, insects, and plants live in the rainforest. It is hot and humid in a rainforest. It rains a lot in the rainforest, but sometimes you don't know it's raining. The trees grow so closely together that rain doesn't always reach the ground. Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth's surface, about six percent. They are found in tropical parts of the world. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon in South America. The Amazon covers 1.2 billion acres, or almost five million square kilometers. The second largest rainforest is in Western Africa. There are also rainforests in Central America, Southeast Asia, Northeastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands Rainforests provide us with many things. In fact, the Amazon Rainforest is called the "lungs of our planet" because it produces twenty percent of the world's oxygen. One fifth of the world's fresh water is also found in the Amazon Rainforest. Furthermore, one half of the world's species of animals, plants, and insects live in the Earth's rainforests. Eighty percent of the food we eat first grew in the rainforest. For example, pineapples, bananas, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, chocolate, coffee, and sugar all came from rainforests. Twenty-five percent of the drugs we take when we are sick are made of plants that grow only in rainforests. Some of these drugs are even used to fight and cure cancer. With all the good things we get from rainforests, it's surprising to find that we are destroying our rainforests. In fact, 1.5 acres, or 6,000 square meters, of rainforest disappear every second. The forests are being cut down to make fields for cows, to harvest the plants, and to clear land for farms. Along with losing countless valuable species, the destruction of rainforests creates many problems worldwide. Destruction of rainforests results in more pollution, less rain, and less oxygen for the world Question 16: What is the passage mainly about? A. Where rainforest are located. B. Kinds of forests. C. Facts about rainforests. D. How much oxygen rainforests make. Question 17: According to the passage, rainforests provide human all of the following EXCEPT? A. Oxygen B. Drugs used to fight and cure cancer. C. Fresh water. D. Lung problems. Question 18: Why is Amazon Rainforest called “Lungs of the planet”? A. It provides much of our air. B. It uses much of the world’s oxygen. C. It helps us breathe. D. It helps circulation. Question 19: Where would you find the largest rainforest in the world? A. Western Africa. B. Southeast Asia. C. in South America. D. Northeastern Australia. Question 20: The word “humid” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A. coolB. moist C. dehydrated D. dry Question 21: The word “harvest” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. destroy B. reduce C. create D. gather Question 22: What is the most likely reason why the author is surprised that we are destroying rainforest?. It will be too difficult to grow food without them. They are necessary for the fight against cancer. It will be too expensive to replant them. They are necessary for the health of our planet. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them Question 23: In the paragraph 2, “them” refers to . A. abilities. B. three stages. C. careers organizations. D. available vacancies. Question 24: According to paragraph 4, graduates should . ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons. find a good position and then compare it with other ca¬reers. Question 25: In paragraph 5, 'in more depth' could best be replaced by . A. more honestly B. more carefully C. using more word D. in greater detail Question 26: The word “prospective” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. future B. generous C. reasonable D. ambitious Question 27: In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that . it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely hon¬est in their answers. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer. Question 28: Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7? Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determina¬tion or ability. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career. Question 29: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the fac¬tors involved. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career. Question 30: In paragraph 1, 'those days are gone, even in Hong Kong', suggests that . in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a refuge from the often harsh environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits. One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide - a key pollutant - and emit oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect. Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated engineering, but others are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work. Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban park and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment. Question 31: Based on its use in paragraph 2, it can be inferred that mitigate belongs to which of the following word groups? A. exacerbate, aggravate, intensify B. obliterate, destroy, annihilate C. allay, alleviate, reduce D. absorb, intake, consume Question 32: Using the information in paragraph 2 as a guide, it can be inferred that . cities with rooftop gardens are cooler than those without rooftop gardens. some plants are not suitable for growth in rooftop gardens. most people prefer parks to rooftop gardens. most people prefer life in the country over life in the city. Question 33: Based on the information in paragraph 3, which of the following best describes the main difference between parks and rooftop gardens? Parks are expensive to create while rooftop gardens are not. Parks are public while rooftop gardens are private. Parks absorb heat while rooftop gardens do not. Parks require much space while rooftop gardens do not. Question 34: The author claims all of the following to be the benefits of rooftop gardens except . A. increased space for private relaxation. B. savings on heating and cooling costs . C. better food for city dwellers. D. improved air quality. Question 35: According to the author, one advantage that rooftop gardens have over parks is that they . decrease the Urban Heat Island Effect. replenish the air with nourishing oxygen. do not require the use of valuable urban land. are less expensive than traditional park spaces. Question 36: The author’s tone in the passage is best described as . A. descriptive B. passionate C. informative D. argumentative Question 37: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely endorse a program that . permitted the construction of buildings in city park land provided they have rooftop gardens. extended discounts on plants to customers who use them to create rooftop gardens. offered free admission to schools willing to take their students on field trips to the city park. promised vacation getaways to cooler destinations for those trapped in the city at the peak of summer. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame through his highly inventive trilogy. The Lord of the Rings. Born in 1892, Tolkien received his education from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University. Although published in 1965, the three books that comprise the Lord of the Rings were written in intervals from 1936 to 1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien's responsibilities as a professor and the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien. The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its success as a modern heroic epic. The main plot describes the struggle between good and evil kingdom as they try to acquire a magic ring that has the power to rule the world. The novels, which are set in a time called Middle Earth, describe a detailed fantasy world. Established before humans populated the Earth, Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves, monsters, wizards, and some humans. The characters and the setting of Middle Earth were modeled after mythological stories from Greece and Northern Europe. Although readers have scrutinized the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the trilogy with Tolkien's real life experiences in England during World War II, he denied the connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language. Tolkien was a masterful fantasy novelist who used his extensive knowledge of folklore to create a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today. Question 38: What can we assume is NOT true about Middle Earth? Middle Earth was based on European folktales. Middle Earth was a fictional world. The good and evil kingdom fought for the power. People dominated Middle Earth. Question 39: The word "scrutinized” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by . A. examined B. denied C. enjoyed D. criticized Question 40: What does this paragraph mainly discuss? A. J.R.R Tolkien's work as a professor. B. All of J.R.R Tolkien's fantasy books. C. J.R.R Tolkien and his trilogy. D. The popularity of J.R.R Tolkien. Question 41: According to the passage, when did "the Lord of the Rings" trilogy become popular with young people? A. In the late 1960s B. After World War II C. In 1892 D. Between 1936 and 1946 Question 42: When did Tolkien begin to create this trilogy? A. When he was a student B. During World War I C. When he was a professor D. During World War II Question 43: What does the word "trilogy" in the first paragraph mean? A.