Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 38 (Có đáp án)

BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions. Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? The economic impact of air pollution. What constitutes an air pollutant. How much harm air pollutants can cause. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere. Question 3. The word "adversely" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. negatively B. quickly C. admittedly D. considerably Question 3. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that . water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled the definition of air pollution will continue to change a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities Question 4. The word “These” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . The various chemical reactions The pollutants from the developing Earth The compounds moved to the water or soil 6 The components in biogeochemical cycles Question 5. According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions . can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants will damage areas outside of the localized regions will react harmfully with natural pollutants (ĐỀ 1 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 2:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions . The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. In fact, her work inspired creation of the Prize. The first American woman to win the prize was Jane Addams, in 1931. However, Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House. Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a wealthy family. She was one of a small number of women in her generation to graduate from college. Her commitment to improving the lives of those around her led her to work for social reform and world peace. In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a “settlement house” called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friends, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work. Before World War I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America. In a newspaper poll that asked, “Who among our contemporaries are of the most value to the community?” Jane Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison. When she opposed America’s involvement in World War I, however, newspaper editors called her a traitor and a fool, but she never changed her mind. Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not vote. Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and was a 7 vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was president of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Her reputation was gradually restored during the last years of her life. She died of cancer in 1935. Question 6. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an American woman A woman's work for social reform and world peace The early development of Social Work in America Contributions of educated women to American society Question 7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? The work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner was an inspiration to Jane Addams Jane Addarns is most famous for her opening of Hull House Those who lived near Hull House had very poor literacy skills Jane Addams considered herself as a citizen of the world rather than of one particular country Question 8. The word “commitment” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. involvement B. obligation C. dedication D. enthusiasm Question 9. Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because . it gave educated women an opportunity to use their education for carvers in social work she traveled to Europe in the 1880s she visited Toynbee Hall she was invited by a “settlement house” in Chicago Question 10. The word “their” in the second paragraph refers to . A. children of working mothers B. middle-class women C. visiting nurses D. labor union members Question 11. According to the passage, Jane Addams’ reputation was damaged when she . allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for clubs and labor unions joined in the movement for women's suffrage became a founding member of the NAACP opposed America’s involvem ent in World War I Question 12. According to the passage, all of the following statements about Jane Addams are true EXCEPT . She was the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She was born into a wealthy family. She objected to America’s participation in the First World War. She was considered as a feminist. Question 13. In paragraph three, the word “contemporaries” is closest in meaning to . A. people of the same time B. famous people still alive C. elected officials D. people old enough to vote (ĐỀ 1 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRST IMPRESSIONS We have all heard the expression, “you can’t judge a book by its cover.” However, it seems that is exactly what most people do. The human brain seems to be wired in such a way that we make very strong, lasting judgments about the people we meet within the first 30 seconds. And it is true, you may be able learn a lot about a person by their first impression. But can you really learn all you need to know? May be there is something affecting your first impression. Possibly the person is nervous or upset. Maybe you are in a bad mood or not feeling well. All of these factors and more could influence a first impression, so should people place so much weight on it? Many people feel that a first impression is extremely important. Once those people form an idea of you, it is often difficult for them to get beyond it. If someone feels that you are something you really aren’t because of your first impression, then that is obviously not a good thing. Yet many people really do still rely deeply on first impressions. One good example is the job interview. We dress nicely for job interviews for a very good reason: to make a good first impression. In addition to our outward appearance, many people tend to put on something of an act. By being extremely polite and showing interest, we feel that we will make a good first impression and have a better chance getting the job. Is this the way things should be? Probably not. Will this situation ever change? The answer to that question is the same - probably not. It is just human nature to rely on a first impression. Everyone knows that they do it and most people know that it's not the right thing to do. Question 14: What is the passage mainly about? the first impression has a great effect on people how people form first impression how to judge a book the first impression give people a better job. Question 15: The phrase “to be wired" in paragraph 1 means . A. to be connected B. to be changed C. to be charged D. to be installed Question 16: According to the article, once people form an opinion of you, it is . A. changed automatically B. impossible to modify it C. easy to modify it D. difficult to modify it Question 17: The word “it” in paragraph 3 means . A. a good feeling B. a first impression C. an influence D. an idea of you Question 18: The author thinks that people will continue to rely on first impressions because . A. people refuse to change B. people like to deceive other people C. it’s human nature D. it’s easy to change them (ĐỀ 2 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 4:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. LEVELS OF VOCABULARY Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described. Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions. Question 19: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. Standard speech B. Different types of vocabulary C. Idiomatic phrases D. Dictionary usage Question 20: How is slang defined by the author? Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage. Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries. Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers. Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage. Question 21: The word "appropriate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. old B. large C. correct D. important Question 22: The word "obscurity" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by . A. disappearance B. influence C. qualification D. tolerance Question 23: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to . A. words B. slang phrases C. memories D. the majority Question 24: Which of the following is TRUE of standard usage? A. It can be used in formal or informal settings. B. It is limited to written language. C. It is only understood by the upper classes. D. It is constantly changing. Question 25: The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang expressions to be created EXCEPT . A. new situations B. a new generation C. interaction among diverse groups D. a number of linguists Question 26: It can be inferred from the passage that the author . does not approve of either slang or colloquial speech in any situation approves of colloquial speech in some situations, but not slang approves of slang or colloquial speech in appropriate situations does not approve of colloquial usage in writing (ĐỀ 2 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. ENDANGERED SPECIES There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species. An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty. The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and literature of every culture, attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups. According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world. Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self-interest. By preserving all species, we retain a balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind. Recent research on global ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species. Some advocates of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human beings. If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us. Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint stated in the United Nations World Charter for nature, created in 1982. Furthermore, if humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the continued existence of all species. Moral justification has been extended by a movement called “deep ecology,” the members of which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective. To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made for the biosphere, not for people. Question 27. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. The beauty of the world B. The quality of life C. The preservation of species D. The balance of nature Question 28. Which of the arguments supports animal rights? A. Aesthetic justification B. Ecological argument C. Self-interest argument D. Moral justification Question 29. The word “perspective” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by . A. ideal B. event C. truth D. view Question 30. The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to . A. humankind B. stewards C. creatures D. human beings Question 31. The author mentions all of the following as justifications for the protection of endangered species EXCEPT . the natural compounds needed for medicines. the intrinsic value of the beauty of nature the control of pollution in the biosphere the right to life implied by their existence (ĐỀ 3 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 6:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Choosing a career may not be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care. View career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living. Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one. Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live. Here are just a few of the factors to consider. Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision. You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses. Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing. Ask yourself questions, such as “Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?” There are no right or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you. Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot accept. Then rank them in order of importance to you. The setting of the job is one factor to take into account. You may not want to sit at a desk all day. If not, there are diversity occupation – building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent – that involve a great deal of time away from the office. Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields is concentrated in certain regions. For example aerospace job in the U.S are most plentiful in California, Texas, and Washington. Advertising jobs can generally be found only in large cities. On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law, education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country. Consider your financial goals. If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting. Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission. Don’t rule out any occupation without learning more about it. Some industries evoke positive or negative associations: The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber does not. Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious. Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors. Another point to consider is that as you get mature, you will likely to develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities. The choice you make today need not be your final one. Question 32. Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage? A. Choosing a career B. Making the right decision. C. Start-up D. Careers in business Question 33. The word “assessing” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by . A. measuring B. disposing C. considering D. discovering Question 34. The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to . A. jobs B. questions C. answers D. features Question 35. According to the passage, which of the following is true ? If you want an easy and glamorous lifestyle, you should consider becoming flight attendant. If you want to make a lot of money, you should not take a job with a low starting salary. If you want to make a lot of money, you should rule out all factory jobs. Your initial view of certain careers may not be accurate. Question 36. It can be inferred from the paragraph 4 that . jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their careers a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career people should constantly work toward the next promotion Question 37. In paragraph 5, the author suggests that . you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully you may want to change careers at some time in the future you will probably be jobless at some time in the future as you get older, your career will probably be less fulfilling Question 38. The word “evoke” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to . A. bring to mind B. agree on C. be different from D. be related to Question 39. Why does the author mention long, grueling hours without sleeps in paragraph 5? To contrast the reality of a flight attendant’s job with most people’s perception To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber (ĐỀ 3 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h) Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Marriage nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the case in society. Thousands of years ago, the average lifespan was shorter than it is today. A man usually lived until he was about 40 years old, while women died even sooner because of childbirth. There were many wars and illnesses, and people had to protect themselves by having more children while they were still young. The parents lived through their children. Marriage was not so much a romantic love story but a business transaction, or deal. Most marriages were arranged between parents while their children were still very young. It was the custom that the fathers made the decision on whom their children were going to marry. The mothers had little say in it since they rarely made any decisions outside the household. The fathers would meet to arrange the wedding date and the money given for the bride on her wedding date. The more money and land a girl had, the more chances she had to marry well. Therefore, it was important that her father choose the bridegroom very well. Usually, it was someone who came from a good family or who was rich too. It was very unlikely that people married outside their social class. A few well-off and rich merchants got to marry poorer noblewomen and became King’s business advisors. In a way, poor peasants had an easier choice as it was less important whom they married. The practice of arranged marriage is still common in some countries in the Middle East, such as India or Pakistan. Here, social classes are still strongly divided and very well-kept. Often, however, arranged marriages are a sign that people do not want to let go of the past, which gives them comfort and security in an ever- changing world. (Adapted from Longman Essence Reading, Vol. 2) Question 40: What does the passage mainly discuss? Marriage as a business transaction today Mothers' roles in their children's marriage Marriage practices in modern society The practice of arranged marriage Question 41: The author mentions all of the following in the passage EXCEPT . People tended to marry outside their social class. Men made almost all decisions inside the family. Marriage used to be a deal between two families. The wedding date was decided