Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 37 (Có đáp án)

BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU EXERCISE 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built. Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians gained fame. Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one comer of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards. In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site. This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city. In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising. Question 1: What is this passage mainly about? Changes to Carnegie Hall The appearance of Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall’s history during the Great Depression Damage to the ceiling in Carnegie Hall Question 2: In the second paragraph, what is the meaning of the word “detrimental”? A. Dangerous B. Significant C. Extreme D. Harmful Question 3: What major change happened to the hall in 1946? The acoustic dome was damaged. Space in the building was sold to commercial businesses. The walls were damaged in an earthquake. The stage was renovated. Question 4: Who was Andrew Carnegie? A. A violinist B. An architect C. A steel mill owner D. The mayor of New York City Question 5: What was Isaac Stem’s relationship to Carnegie Hall? He made the movie “Carnegie Hall” in 1946. He performed on opening night in 1891. He tried to save the hall, beginning in 1960. He opened a coffee shop in Carnegie Hall during the Depression. Question 6: What was probably the most important aspect of the recent renovation? A. Restoring the outer wall B. Expanding the lobby C. Restoring the plaster trim D. Repairing the ceiling Question 7: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “unveiled” in the last paragraph? A. Announced B. Restricted C. Overshadowed D. Located ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG 2019 – CÔ DƯƠNG THỊ HƯƠNG – MEGABOOK – ĐỀ SỐ 1 Exercise 2:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Happiness and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow’s feet” wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response - as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response. Question 8. The word “despondent” in the passage is closest in meaning to ............................. A. Curious B. Unhappy C. Thoughtful D. Uncertain Question 9. The author mentions “Baring the teeth in a hostile way” in order to .......................... Differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of its Support Darwin’s theory of evolution Provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood Contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions Question 10. The word “them” in the passage refers to ............................. A. Emotions B. People C. Photographs D. Cultures Question 11. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was TRUE about the Fore people of New Guinea? They did not want to be shown photographs. They were famous for their story-telling skills. They knew very little about Western culture. They did not encourage the expression of emotions. Question 12. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed? A. They would become less intense. B. They would last longer than usual. C. They would cause problems later. D. They would become more negative Question 13. According to the passage, research involving which of the following supported the facial- feedback hypothesis? The reactions of people in experiments to cartoons The tendency of people in experiments to cooperate The release of neurotransmitters by people during experiments The long-term effects of repressing emotions Question 14. The word “rate” in the passage is closest in meaning to ........................ . A. Judge B. Reject C. Draw D. Want Question 15. According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may have which of the following effects? It first suppresses stress, then intensifies it. It may cause fear and tension in those who see it. It can damage the lip muscles. It may either heighten or reduce emotional response. ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG 2019 – CÔ DƯƠNG THỊ HƯƠNG – MEGABOOK – ĐỀ SỐ 1 Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. After twenty years of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard’s MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue. There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry- level management jobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, “Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?” The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands. Question 16. What is the main focus of this passage? Jobs on Wall Street Types of graduate degrees Changes in enrollment for MBA schools How schools are changing to reflect the economy Question 17. The word “prosperity” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by which of the following? A. success B. surplus C. nurturing D. education Question 18. Which of the following business schools has shown an increase in enrollment? A. Princeton B. Harvard C. Stanford D. Yale Question 19. Which of the following descriptions most likely applies to Wall Street? A. a center for international affairs B. a major financial center C. a shopping district D. a neighborhood in New York Question 20: According to the passage, what are two causes of declining business school enrollments? lack of necessity for an MBA and an ecorfomic recession low salary and foreign competition fewer MBA schools and fewer entry-level jobs declining population and economic prosperity Question 21: As used in the second paragraph, the word “struggling” is closest in meaning to . A. evolving B. plunging C. starting D. striving Question22: Which of the following might be the topic of the next paragraph? MBA schools’ efforts to change Future economic predictions A history of the recent economic changes Descriptions of non-MBA graduate programs Exercise 4:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The main cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encourages remineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been “primed” by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental hygiene program should be followed. Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early carious lesions. In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets. Question 23. What does this passage mainly discuss? A. Good nutrition B. Food with fiber C. Ways to keep your teeth health D. Fluoridization and cavities Question 24. According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are true EXCEPT . It consists of acid producing bacteria It is not affected by eating sweets It can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing It reduces the positive effect of saliva Question 25. We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is . It strengthens tooth enamel It stimulates saliva production It makes teeth whiter It is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care Question 26. The word “it” in the second paragraph refers to . A. dental floss B. bacteria C. removal ofplaque D. plaque Question 27. What can be concluded from the passage about sweets? All sweets should be avoided. Sweets should be eaten with care. It is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day. Sticky sweets are less harmful than other sweets. Question 28. The word “scrape off” in line 29 is closest in meaning to . A. repel B. rub together with C. remove D. dissolve Question 29. According to the passage, the value of eating foods with fiber is that . they contain Vitamin A they are less expensive than a toothbrush they are able to remove the plaque from your teeth they contain no sugar Question 30. The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your saliva increases . A. with the amount of sweets you eat B. with the number of times you eat sweets C. if you eat sweets with your meals D. if you eat sticky sweets ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG 2019 – CÔ DƯƠNG THỊ HƯƠNG – MEGABOOK – ĐỀ SỐ 2 Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move, heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat” refers to the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime, they will dry faster than in winter, when the temperature is lower. The energy used in both cases to change liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat - supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored as vapor in the atmosphere as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportion of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly 30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large - scale winds. Or it can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere. Question 31: The passage mainly discusses how heat is transformed and transported in the Earth’s atmosphere. is transported by ocean currents. can be measured and analyzed by scientists. moves about the Earth’s equator. Question32: The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways? The height of cloud formation in the atmosphere. The amount of heat they receive from the Sun. The strength of their large scale winds. The strength of their oceanic currents. Question 33: The word “convert” is closest in meaning to . A. mix B. change C. adapt D. reduce Question 34: Why does the author mention “the stove” in the passage? To describe the heat of the Sun. To illustrate how water vapor is stored. To show how energy is stored. To give an example of a heat source Question 35: According to the passage, most ocean water evaporation occurs especially . A. around the higher latitudes B. in the tropics C. because of large - scale winds D. because of strong ocean currents Question 36: According to the passage, 30 percent of the Sun’s incoming energy is stored in clouds in the lower latitudes is transported by ocean currents never leaves the upper atmosphere gets stored as latent heat Question 37: The underlined word “it” refers to . A. square meter B. the Sun’s energy C. latent heat D. the atmosphere ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG 2019 – CÔ DƯƠNG THỊ HƯƠNG – MEGABOOK – ĐỀ SỐ 3 Exercise 6:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Often the craft worker’s place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement, At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters’ quarters were situated on the cities’ outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red- figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln’s temperature during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear; the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized that they did not share in the concerns of the other. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated housewares like cooking pots and jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth-and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Tliasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were needed in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means- as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify. Question 38: The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its . A. production techniques B. similarity to other crafts C. unusual materials D. resemblance to earlier pottery Question 39: It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were situated . A. in city centers B. on the outskirts of cities C. where clay could be found D. near other potters’ workshops Question 40: The word “marked” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. original B. attractive C. noticeable D. patterned Question 41: The word “confine” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. adapt B. train C. restrict D. organize Question42: It can be inferred from the passage that terra-cotta had which of the following advantages? It did not break during the firing process. It was less expensive than other available materials. Its surface had a lasting shine. It could be used for many purposes. Question 43: The word “presumably” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A. frequently B. practically C. preferably D. probably Question 44: The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to . A. molds B. particular effects C. products D. vessels and figurines Question 45: According to the passage, all of the following are true of ancient Greek potters and vase painters EXCEPT . Their functions were so specialized that they lacked common concerns. They sometimes produced inferior ware. They produced pieces that had unusual color and shine. They decorated many of their works with human images ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG 2019 – CÔ DƯƠNG THỊ HƯƠNG – MEGABOOK – ĐỀ SỐ 3 Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun’s position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells h