Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 31 (Có đáp án)

BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but most are by private car. In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars. In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars. Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long- distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also istributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail. In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight goes by road. The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less. (Extracted from Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press, 2000) Câu 1: In Britain and the US most people travel by . A. sea B. rail C. road D. air Câu 2: According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their own cars due to . A. cheap tickets B. air pollution C. long distances D. heavy traffic Câu 3: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? Few college students in the US have their own cars. Families in the US often have more than one car. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities. Câu 4: The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. at the latest time and nearest place B. at an appropriate time and place C. at an early time and nearby place D. at the fastest time and nearest place Câu 5: According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because . A. they like to share rides with neighbours B. they think it is not good enough C. they see no reason to use their cars less D. petrol is relatively cheap in Britain (Đề số 1 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 2:Read the following passage and mark the letter A., B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. In 1826, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. He was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph. The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities, and mountains. In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840, daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities. Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous people. The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of a war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible. In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready- made in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive. With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places. They called these pictures "snapshots". Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used them. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings. Some people began to think of photography as a form of art. They thought that photographycould do more than show the real world. It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms. From “Reading Power” by Beatrice S. Mikulecky and Linda Jeffries Câu 6: The first photograph was taken with . A. a small handheld camera B. a very simple camera C. a daguerreotype D. new types of film Câu 7: Daguerre took a picture of his studio with . A. a new kind of camera B. a very simple camera C. special equipment D. an electronic camera Câu 8: The word “this” in the passage refers to the . carrying of lots of film and processing equipment stopping of photographers from taking photos fact that daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities taking of pictures of people and moving things Câu 9: The word “ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. poorly-painted B. heavily-polluted C. terribly spoiled D. badly damaged Câu 10: The word “lifelike” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. moving B. realistic C. touching D. manlike Câu 11: Matthew Brady was well-known for . A. inventing daguerreotypes B. the small handheld camera C. taking pictures of French cities D. portraits and war photographs Câu 12: As mentioned in the passage, photography can . A. print old pictures B. convey ideas and feelings C. show the underworld D. replace drawings Câu 13: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage? A. Different Steps in Film Processing B. Story of Photography C. Photography and Painting D. Story of Famous Photographers (Đề số 1 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. A team of Russian scientists has challenged the theory that the woolly mammoths became extinct 10,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age. The scientists have reported that the beasts may have survived until 2000 B.C. on an island off the coast of Siberia, where researchers uncovered 29 fossilized woolly mammoth teeth ranging in age from 4,000 to 7,000 years. The question to be asked now is, how did these prehistoric pachyderms survive in their island environment? One possibility is that they adapted to their confined surroundings by decreasing their bulk. This theory is based on their smaller tooth size, which has led scientists to believe that they were only 6 feet tall at the shoulder compared with 10 feet of their full-sized counterpart. But would this be enough to enable them to survive thousands of years beyond that of other mammoths? Researchers are still working to uncover the reasons for this isolated group's belated disappearance. Câu 14: With which topic is this passage mainly concerned? Some scientists have challenged a theory. Some small teeth have been discovered. Some mammoths lived longer than others. Some pachyderms survived on an island. Câu 15: According to the passage, some researchers suggest that mammoths became extinct A. about 2,000 years ago B. about 4,000 years ago C. about 7,000 years ago D. about 10,000 years ago Câu 16: The word "woolly" as used in line 1 refers to the animal's A. body size B. feet size C. hair D. teeth Câu 17: The author uses the word "counterpart" in line 7 to refer to A. mammoths with more feet B. mammoths in an earlier time C. mammoths with smaller teeth D. larger mammoths on the island Câu 18: According to the scientists, the woolly mammoths may have managed to survive because they A. shed their hair B. grew smaller teeth C. became herbivores D. decreased in size (Đề số 2 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 4:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. As heart disease continues to be the number-one killer in the United States, researchers have become increasingly interested in identifying the potential risk factors that trigger heart attacks. High-fat diets and "life in the fast lane" have long been known to contribute to the high incidence of heart failure. But according to new studies, the list of risk factors may be significantly longer and quite surprising. Heart failure, for example, appears to have seasonal and temporal patterns. A higher percentage of heart attacks occur in cold weather, and more people experience heart failure on Monday than on any other day of the week. In addition, people are more susceptible to heart attacks in the first few hours after waking. Cardiologists first observed this morning phenomenon in the mid-1980, and have since discovered a number of possible causes. An early-morning rise in blood pressure, heart rate, and concentration of heart stimulating hormones, plus a reduction of blood flow to the heart, may all contribute to the higher incidence of heart attacks between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 10:00 A.M. In other studies, both birthdays and bachelorhood have been implicated as risk factors. Statistics reveal that heart attack rates increase significantly for both females and males in the few days immediately preceding and following their birthdays. And unmarried men are more at risk for heart attacks than their married counterparts. Though stress is thought to be linked in some way to all of the aforementioned risk factors, intense research continues in the hope of further comprehending why and how heart failure is triggered. Câu 19: What does the passage mainly discuss? A. risk factors in heart attacks B. seasonal and temporal patterns of heart attacks C. cardiology in the 1980s D. diet and stress as factors in heart attacks Câu 20: The word "potential" could best be re-placed by which of the following? A. harmful B. primary C. unknown D. possible Câu 21: The phrase "susceptible to" in line 6 could best be replaced by A. aware of B. affected by C. accustomed D. prone to Câu 22: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a possible cause of many heart attacks? A. decreased blood flow to the heart B. increased blood pressure C. lower heart rate D. increase in hormones Câu 23: Which of the following is NOT cited as a possible risk factor? A. having a birthday B. getting married C. eating fatty foods D. being under stress Câu 24: The word "phenomenon" in line 7 refers to which of the following? A. habit B. illness C. occurrence D. activity Câu 25: word "trigger" as used in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. involve B. affect C. cause D. encounter Câu 26: Which of the following does the passage infer? We now fully understand how risk factors trigger heart attacks. We recently began to study how risk factors trigger heart attacks. We have not identified many risk factors associated with heart attacks. We do not fully understand how risk factors trigger heart attacks. (Đề số 2 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species. The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time – a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago. When approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction. One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events. Question 27: The word “it” in line 2 refers to A. environment B. species C. extinction D. 99 percent Question 28: The word “ultimately” in line 6 is closest in meaning to A. exceptionally B. dramatically C. eventually D. unfortunately Question 29: What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history? They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms. They are no longer in existence. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes. They have caused rapid change in the environment. Question 30: The word “demise” is closest in meaning to A. change B. recovery C. help D. death Question 31: Why is “plankton” mentioned in line 14? To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean To point out that certain species could never become extinct To demonstrate the interdependence of different species To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction. (Đề số 3 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 6:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives. Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job. Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers. Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation - that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills. (Extracted from Microsoft® Student 2009 – DVD Version) Question 32: According to the passage, which of the following is learning in broad view comprised of? A. Knowledge acquisition outside the classroom B. Knowledge acquisition and ability development C. Acquisition of academic knowledge D. Acquisition of social and behavioral skills Question 33: According to the passage, what are children NOT usually taught outside the classroom? A. literacy and calculation B. life skills C. interpersonal communication D. right from wrong Question 34: Getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job are mentioned in paragraph 2 as examples of . the changes to which people have to orient themselves the areas of learning which affect people’s lives the situations in which people cannot teach themselves the ways people’s lives are influenced by education Question 35: Which of the following can be inferred about the learning process from the passage? It becomes less challenging and complicated when people grow older. It takes place more frequently in real life than in academic institutions. It is more interesting and effective in school than that in life. It plays a crucial part in improving the learner’s motivation in school. Question 36: According to the passage, the study of learning is important in many fields due to . the great influence of the on-going learning process the need for certain experiences in various areas the influence of various behaviors in the learning process the exploration of the best teaching methods Question 37: It can be inferred from the passage that social workers, employers, and politicians concern themselves with the study of learning because they need to . change the behaviors of the objects of their interest towards learning make the objects of their interest more aware of the importance of learning thoroughly understand the behaviors of the objects of their interest understand how a stimulus relates to the senses of the objects of their interest Question 38: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviors. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used. Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviors. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge. Question 39: The passage mainly discusses . practical examples of learning inside the classroom application of learning principles to formal education general principles of learning simple forms of learning (Đề số 3 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go. On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement. Question 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. the first manned mission to the moon B. how fast the rocket traveled C. the first man in space D. the reason Neil Armstrong is so famous Question 41. The word “they” in the passage refers to A. Apollo 11 B. astronauts C. Americans D. engines Question 42. The word “deploy” in the passage is closet in meaning to A. photograph B. begin working C. stop functioning D. light up Question 43. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Life of Neil Armstrong B. The History of space travel C. The story of Apollo 11 D. The John F.Kenedy center Question 44. It can be inferred that Armstrong’s statement was important because Neil Armstrong was a great speaker this was the first time America had sent people into space they were the first words to be spoken on the moon the statement was spoken from the lunar module ladder (Đề số 4 - Môn Tiếng Anh - Vũ Mai Phương - Moon.vn) Exercise 8:Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be dest