Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 27 (Có đáp án)

Đọc hiểu Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book “ The natural History of Selboure ” (1786 ) , the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one . He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch . Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces. These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times. Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species – as in the case of the eggs – or survival as individuals - as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small – not more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to “count” one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers Câu 1: What is the main idea of this passage? Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count. Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best. Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers Animals cannot “count” more than one kind of object. Câu 2: Why does the author refer to Gilbert White‟s book in line 2? To indicate that more research is needed in this field To show how attitudes have changed since1786. To provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities. To contradict the idea that animals can count. Câu 3: The word “surreptitiously” is closest in meaning to A. quickly B. occasionally C. stubbornly D. secretly Câu 4: The word “odd” refers to which of the following? A. numbers such as 1, 3, 5 and so on B. lucky numbers C. numbers such as 2, 4, 6 and so on D. unusual numbers Câu 5: The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some ways EXCEPT A. wasps B. Plovers C. caterpillars D. mice Câu 6: The word “accounts” is closest in meaning to A. reasons B. reports C. deceptions D. invoices Câu 7: How would the author probably characterize the people who are mentioned in the first line of the second paragraph A. As foolish B. As demanding C. As clever D. As mistaken Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive mega fossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that feed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the mega fossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago. Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence form sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans- plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of them fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism. These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms Câu 8: In what order did the organisms first appear on earth? vascular plants, plant-eating animals, carnivores carnivores, plant-eaters, megafossils mega fossils, prey hunters, plant-eaters seed plants, ferns, megafossils Câu 9: What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in the third paragraph? They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life. They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils. They are older than the mega fossils. They consist of modern life-forms. Câu 10: According to the theory that the author calls “the traditional view” what was the first form of life to appear on land? A. Bacteria B. Meat-eating animals C. Plant-eating animals D. Vascular plants Câu 11: What is the following paragraph likely to discuss? the existence of previously unknown organisms the revision of human views on the nature of early plant and animal communities comparison and contrast between the first terrestrial life forms and newly discovered fossils what the first terrestrial life forms might have been Câu 12: The word “entombed” is closest in meaning to . A. crushed B. trapped C. produced D. excavated Câu 13: Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils? Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils? Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses The origins of primitive sea life were explained. Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed. Câu 14: With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree? The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself. The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved. New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years. The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations about ages of fossils. Câu 15: According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago? Many terrestrial life-forms died out New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate The mega fossils were destroyed by floods. Life began to develop in the ancient seas. Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, was from a wealthy, well-known family. As a child, he attended private school, had private tutors, and traveled with his parents to Europe. He attended Harvard University, and afterward studied law. At age 39 Roosevelt suddenly developed polio, a disease that left him without the full use of his legs for the rest of his life. Even through the worst of his illness, however, he continued his life in politics. In 1924 he appeared at the Democratic National Convention to nominate Al Smith for president, and eight years after that he himself was nominated for the same office. Roosevelt was elected to the presidency during the Great Depression of the 1930s, at a time when more than 5,000 banks had failed and thousands of people were out of work. Roosevelt took action. First he declared a bank holiday that closed all the banks so no more could fail; then he reopened the banks little by little with government support. Roosevelt believed in using the full power of government to help what he called the "forgotten people." And it was these workers, the wage earners, who felt the strongest affection toward Roosevelt. There were others, however, who felt that Roosevelt's policies were destroying the American system of government, and they opposed him in the same intense way that others admired him. In 1940 the Democrats nominated Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term. No president in American history had ever served three terms, but Roosevelt felt an obligation not to quit while the United States' entry into World War II was looming in the future. He accepted the nomination and went on to an easy victory. Câu 16: What does the passage mainly discuss? A. political aspects of Roosevelt's life B. problems during the Great Depression C. Roosevelt's upbringingD. criticisms of Roosevelt's actions Câu 17: Which one of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? Roosevelt was elected during the Great Depression. Roosevelt voted for Al Smith. Roosevelt had difficulty walking during his presidency. Roosevelt supported strong government powers. Câu 18: The phrase "took action" in lines 13 is used to illustrate the idea that Roosevelt A. performed admirably B. exerted himself physically C. responded immediately D. got assistance Câu 19: It can be inferred from the passage that the people who liked Roosevelt best were A. poor people B. bankers C. rich people D. average workers Câu 20: As used in line 10, the phrase "little by little" means that Roosevelt A. opened the smaller banks first B. opened the banks for minimal services C. opened the banks a few at a time D. opened the bank for a short time Câu 21: The word "unprecedented" in the passage could best be replaced by A. nimportant B. unheard of C. unjustified D. unhampered Câu 22: The author uses the word "looming" to indicate a feeling of A. reservation B. threat C. regret D. determination After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue. There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry-level management jobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands. Câu 23: What is the main focus of this passage? jobs on Wall Street types of graduate degrees changes in enrollment for MBA schools how schools are changing to reflect the economy Câu 24: The word "prosperity" in line 1 could be best replaced by which of the following? A. success B. surplus C. nurturing D. education Câu 25: Which of the following business schools has NOT shown a decrease in enrollment? A. Princeton B. Harvard C. Stanford D. Yale Câu 26: Which of the following descriptions most likely applies to Wall Street? A. a center for international affairs B. a major financial center C. a shopping district D. a neighborhood in New York Câu 27: According to the passage, what are two causes of declining business school enrollments? lack of necessity for an MBA and an economic recession low salary and foreign competition fewer MBA schools and fewer entry-level jobs declining population and economic prosperity Câu 28: The word "struggling" is closest in meaning to A. evolving B. plunging C. starting D. striving Câu 29: As used in line 7, the word "seeking" could best be replaced by which of the following? A. examining B. avoiding C. seizing D. pursuing Câu 30: Which of the following might be the topic of the paragraph? MBA schools' efforts to change future economic predictions a history of the recent economic changes descriptions of non-MBA graduate programs Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but most are by private car. In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars. In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars. Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long- distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail. In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight goes by road. The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less. (Extracted from Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press, 2000) Câu 31: In Britain and the US most people travel by . A. sea B. rail C. road D. air Câu 32: According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their own cars due to . A. cheap tickets B. air pollution C. long distances D. heavy traffic Câu 33: It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US are good in . A. some states B. all cities C. large states D. large cities Câu 34: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? Few college students in the US have their own cars. Families in the US often have more than one car. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities. Câu 35: The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. at the latest time and nearest place B. at an appropriate time and place C. at an early time and nearby place D. at the fastest time and nearest place Câu 36: Which of the following is true about transport in Britain? Long-distance travel in Britain is only by road. There are no regular flights between regional airports. Trains are usually cheaper than long-distance coach services. Heavier items and raw materials are often transported by train. Câu 37: According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because . A. they like to share rides with neighbours B. they think it is not good enough C. they see no reason to use their cars less D. petrol is relatively cheap in Britain In 1826, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. He was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph. The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities, and mountains. In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840, daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities. Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous people. The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of a war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible. In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready- made in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive. With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places. They called these pictures "snapshots". Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used them. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings. Some people began to think of photography as a form of art. They thought that photographycould do more than show the real world. It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms. From “Reading Power” by Beatrice S. Mikulecky and Linda Jeffries Câu 38: The first photograph was taken with . A. a small handheld camera B. a very simple camera C. a daguerreotype D. new types of film Câu 39: Daguerre took a picture of his studio with . A. a new kind of camera B. a very simple camera C. special equipment D. an electronic camera Câu 40: The word “this” in the passage refers to the . carrying of lots of film and processing equipment stopping of photographers from taking photos fact that daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities taking of pictures of people and moving things Câu 41: The word “ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. poorly-painted B. heavily-polluted C. terribly spoiled D. badly damaged Câu 42: The word “lifelike” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. moving B. realistic C. touching D. manlike Câu 43: Matthew Brady was well-known for . A. inventing daguerreotypes B. the small handheld camera C. taking pictures of French cities D. portraits and war photographs Câu 44: As mentioned in the passage, photography can . A. print old pictures B. convey ideas and feelings C. show the underworld D. replace drawings Câu 45: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage? A. Different Steps in Film Processing B. Story of Photography C. Photography and Painting D. Story of Famous Photographers The countryside of Britain is well known for its beauty and many contrasts: it bare mountains and moorland, its lakes, rivers and woods, and its long, often wild coastline. Many of the most beautiful areas are national parks and are protected from development. When Britain people think of the countryside they think of farmland, as well as open spaces. They imagined cows or sheep in greenfield enclosed by hedges or stone walls and field of wheat and barley. Most farmland is privately owned but is crossed by a network of public footpaths. Many people associate the countryside with peace and relaxation. They spend their free time walking or cycling there, or go to the country for a picnic or a pub lunch. In summer people go to fruit farms and pick strawberries and other fruit. Only a few people who live in the country work on farms. Many commute to work in towns. Many others dream of living in the country, where they believe they would have a better and healthier lifestyle. The countryside faces many threats. Some are associated with modern farming practices, and the use of chemical harmful to plants and wildlife. Land is also needed for new houses. The green belt, an area of land around many cities, is under increasing pressure. Plans to build new roads are strongly opposed by organizations trying to protect the countryside. Protesters set up camps to prevent, or at least delay the building work. America has many areas of wild and beautiful scenery, and there are many areas, especially in the West in States like Montana and Wyoming, where few people living. In the New England states, such as Vermont and New Hampshire, it is common to see small farm surrounded by hills and green areas. In Ohio, Indianan, Illinoisan and other Midwestern states, field of corns or wheat reach to the horizon and there are many miles between towns. Only about 20% of Americans live outside cities and towns. Life may be difficult for people who live in the country. Services like hospitals and schools may be further away and going shopping can mean driving long distances. Some people even have to drive from their homes to the main road where their mail is left in a box. In spite of the disadvantages, many people who live in the country say that they like the safe, clean, attractive environment. But their children often move to a town or city as soon as they can Câu 46: We can see from the passage that in the countryside of Britain none of the areas face the sea most beautiful areas are not well preserved only a few farms are publicly owned it is difficult to travel from one farm to another. Câu 47: Which is NOT mentioned as an activity of relaxation in the countryside of Britain? A. Riding a bicycle B. Going swimming C. Picking fruit D. Going for a walk Câu 48: What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ? Those who dream of living in the country Those who go to fruit farm in summer Those who go to country for a picnic Those who commute to work in towns Câu 49: Which of the following threatens the countryside in Britain? A. The green belt around cities B. Protest against building work. C. Modern farming practices D. Plants and wildlife Câu 50: The phrase “reach to the horizon” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to