Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 26 (Có đáp án)

ĐỌC HIỂU CHỌN A, B, C, D READING 1: Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish – brown to sand – color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber – shaped – hence their name – and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate-feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. It major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked; it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss? The reason for the sea cucumber’s name What makes the sea cucumber unusual How to identify the sea cucumber Places where the sea cucumber can be found Question 2: The word “bizarre” is closest meaning to. A. odd B. marine C. simple D. rare Question 3: According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important? It helps them to digest their food. It helps them to protect themselves from danger. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud. It makes them attractive to fish Question 4: The words “this faculty” refers to the sea cucumber’s ability to A. squeeze into crevices B. devour all available food in a short time C. suck up mud or sand D. live at a low metabolic rate Question 5: The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers B. the food sources of sea cucumbers C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers D. threats to sea cucumbers’ existence Question 6: The phrase “casts off” is closest in meaning to A. grows again B. grabs C. gets rid of D. uses as a weapon Question 7: Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water? A. A touch B. food C. unusually warm water D. pollution READING 2: Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his subjects’ lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail. The memory trace is the term for whatever is the internal representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have been made by structural changes in the brain, the memory trace is not subject to direct observation but is rather a theoretical construct that we use to speculate about how information presented at a particular time can cause performance at a later time. Most theories include the strength of the memory trace as a variable in the degree of learning, retention, and retrieval possible for a memory. One theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information support recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory. Question 1: Compared with a computer, human memory is................... A. more complex B. more limited C. less dependable D. less durable Question 2: The word “that” refers to............................ A. the computer B. the efficiency C. the sophistication D. the memory Question 3: According the passage, researchers have concluded that...................... the mind has a much greater capacity for memory than was previously believed the physical basis for memory is clear different points of view are valuable human memory is inefficient Question 4: How did Penfield stimulate dreams and other minor events from the past? A. By surgery B. By electric stimulation C. By repetition D. By chemical stimulation Question 5: The word “elicit” is closest in meaning to........................... A. prove B. prevent C. cause D. reject Question 6: According to the passage, the capacity for storage in the brain........................ can be understood by the examining the physiology is stimulated by patterns of activity has a limited combination of relationship is not influenced by repetition Question 7: The word “bonds” means....................... A. promises B. agreements C. connections D. responsibilities Question 8: All of the following are true of a memory trace EXCEPT that............................ it is probably made by structural changes in the brain it is able to be observed it is a theoretical construct it is related to the degree of recall READING 3: Tides are the periodic rise and fall of the Earth’s waters that are caused by the Moon’s and Sun’s forces of gravity acting on the Earth .It is important to distinguish natural tidal phenomena from huge tsunamis , with the latter being caused by earthquakes and undersea volcanic eruptions. The Moon is a main factor controlling ordinary tides. At the location on the Earth closest to the Moon, it exerts a powerful gravitational pull on the water. The resulting rise in the water produces higher tides. The water on the side of the Earth farthest away from the Moon also gets pulled by this lunar gravity, but not as strongly. The Earth itself has its own gravitational force that is constantly pulling waters downward, which is why the oceans do not simply bulge out toward the Moon. Ordinary tides usually feature high and low waters alternating in relation to the Earth’s rotation. Most shores around the world have high waters and two low waters for each day, which last about 24 hours and 50 minutes. The difference in height between the high water and low water is called the range of tide, and it can be quite dramatic in narrower bays .Canada’s bays of Fundy , for example , commonly experiences the world’s most extreme tidal ranges , with daily differences of the 16 meters. Two other types of tides are influenced by the Sun, which is much farther away from the Earth and exerts less than half of the Moon’s gravitational force. When the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are directly in line, the solar and lunar gravitational forces add up to produce higher spring tides. The range of spring tides is intensified, with higher water marks and lower low water marks. However, when the Moon is in the first or third quarter, it is at a 90–degree angle with the Sun in relation to the Earth .The opposing solar and lunar forces partially cancel each other out, and the result is a lower tide. This is called a neap tide, which comes twice a month and has lower high water marks and higher low water marks. The range of neap tides is minimum. Some tides do not occur over water at all. The solid body of the Earth has slight elasticity, so lunar and solar gravity cause it to stretch very subtly. These changes in the Earth’s shape, although imperceptible to humans, are known as Earth tides. Another tidal phenomenon, atmospheric tides, is caused by the Sun’s heating of the Earth’s atmosphere. Like ordinary tides, they usually occur over 12–hour periods. Question 1: Why does the author mention tsunamis in the passage? To explain that not all tides are caused by gravity. To give an example of an extreme tidal phenomenon. To show that they are not related to natural tides. To suggest that more categories for tides area needed. Question 2: The word exerts in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. mixes with B. bring into use C. infers from D. connects with Question 3: What can be inferred about Canada’s Bay of Fundy ? It may experience tsunamis because of its extreme tides. It may have a longer tide cycle because of its wide variations. It may be very narrow because it has wide tidal variations. It may be influenced more by gravity than other places. Question 4: The word imperceptible in the last paragraph could best be replace by A. not noticeable B. difficult to explain C. not generally D. not able to be said Question 5: What is true about the Moon’s gravitational force? It pulls water on the far side of the Earth more strongly. It is more than twice as powerful as that of the Sun. It has reduced gravity when it is lined up with the Sun and the Earth. Its force is strongest when it is located at 90 degrees to the Earth. Question 6: Besides ordinary tides, how many other types of tide are mentioned in the passage ? A. two B. three C. four D. five Question 7: Which of the following does not relate to Ordinary Tides ? Receiving greatest influence from the Moon Influenced by the Sun’s position relative to the Moon. Taking turns the higher and lower water relating to the Earth’s rotation Having the striking range of tide in narrower bays READING 4: Charles Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902 but was raised on a farm in Minnesota, where his father was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he spent his boyhood alternately in Washington, D.C. Detroit, and Little Falls, Minnesota. Because Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent, in 1921 he was admitted to the University of Wisconsing to study engineering. However, the young man was seeking more challenging endeavors, and two years later he became a stunt pilot who performed feats at county fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off handsomely in the sense that it allowed him to gain a diverse and well–rounded experience in aeronautics. He particularly delighted in what he called “wing–walking” and parachute jumping. After a year of training as a military cadet, Lindbergh completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class and earned the rank of captain. Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis, Missouri, offered him employment as a mail pilot to run the routes between St. Louis and Chicago, and Lindbergh retained his position with the company until 1927. During this period, he set out to win the Raymond B. Orteig prize of $25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. This ambition would irreversibly change his life and accord him a prominent place in the history of aviation. Embarking on the greatest adventure of his time, Lindbergh left Roosevelt Field at 7:52 A.M. on May 20, 1927, and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 P.M. the next day. Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindbergh carried letters of introduction to dignitaries in Paris, but when his plane came to a stop, he was overwhelmed by tremendous welcoming crowds. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium, and President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser, the Memphis, to bring him back, His accomplishments in aeronautics brought him more medals and awards than had ever been received by any other person in private life. Question 1: Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Benchmark Adventure in Aeronautics B. The Early Life of Charles Lindbergh C. Groundbreaking Events in Aviation D. Charles Lindbergh’s Explorations Question 2: According to the passage, Lindbergh did not complete his degree because he A. opted for the life of an exhibition pilot B. pursued training in the military C. was seeking a sedentary life–style D. set out to win recognition Question 3: The word “handsomely” is closest in meaning to A. honorably B. handily C. well D. in time Question 4: The word “undertaking ” refers to A. studying at the university B. exhibiting mechanical talents C. seeking challenging endeavors D. performing feats Question 5: The author of the passage implies that Lindbergh’s job with Robertson Aircraft Corporation. required regular intercity flights was not intended as long–term employment required him to perform dangerous flights necessitated his running long distances Question 6: According to the passage, how old was Lindbergh when he carried out his challenging flight? A. Twenty–one B. Twenty–three C. Twenty–four D. Twenty–five Question 7: The author of the passage implies that Lindbergh did not anticipate becoming a A. pilot B. celebrity C. mail carrier D. army captain Question 8: A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss the development of commercial and military aviation the reaction of the government to Lindbergh’s flight the effect of instant celebrity on Lindbergh Lindbergh’s aircraft and engine modifications READING 5: The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the most impressive Seven Wonders of the World. Located in modern day Cambodia near Lake Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire for the ninth to the fifteenth century. The ruins of Angkor are documented as some of the most impressive ones in the world, rivaling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archeologists are now only beginning to ponder. The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water. One possible explanation for the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to do with the inhabitant’s irrigation system. The temples and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding paddies and farmland during the course of the year. Farmers were completely dependent on the water for water crucial rice crop. Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production. Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic system of the reservoirs and canals broke down. The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labor. In addition, as the capital of Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor. In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food more quickly and more efficiently. After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and loss of water led to decrease in the food supply. With the less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia, thus leaving the marvelous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle. Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructure. Question 1: The passage preceding most likely discusses . architecture of ancient Asian civilization religious practices of the people of Angkor the form of government practiced by the Khmer Empire the other six wonders of the world Question 2: According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia . was unable to supply fish for the people of Angkor is one of the Seven Wonders of the World is an enormous body of fresh water in Asia became polluted due to a population explosion Question 3: The word “seat” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A. battle B. summit C. location D. chief Question 4: The hydraulic system of reservoirs _. supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean helped transport the sandstone for constructing temples were destroyed by nearby warrior’s tribes became non–functional due to overuse Question 5: The word “artificial” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. man–made B. numerous C. natural D. insincere Question 6: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to . . A. reservoirs and canals B. temples and palaces C. rice paddles D. farmland Question 7: All of the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT . A. reduction of nutrients B. contamination of soil C. loss of water supply D. erosion of soil READING 6: The quest for sustainable sources of energy study the energy has led humans to study the energy potential of the sun and the wind, as well as the immense power created by dammed rivers. The oceans, too, represent an impressive source of potential energy. For example, it has been estimated that the oceans could provide nearly 3,000 times the energy generated by hydroelectric dams such as the Hoover Dam. Yet, this source remains quite difficult to exploit. But this challenge has not prevented scientists from trying. Within the last few decades, several technologies that can transform the ocean’s immense forces into usable electricity have been invented and introduced. Some focus on capturing the power of the changing tides, while others rely on thermal energy created by oceans in certain tropical regions. However, the most common and easiest-to-develop technologies are those designed to harness the power inherent in the ocean’s waves. There are several methods by which ocean-wave energy can be collected. All of them work because the movement of the water that the waves induce creates storable energy by directly or indirectly driving a power generator. In one such technology, the changing water levels in the ocean that are produced by waves lift a long floating tube comprised of many sections connected by hinges. As the sections move up and down with the water, they pump a special fluid through the tube that can be used to drive a generator. Another technique works on a similar principle, only the floating object rocks back and forth with the motion of the water instead of up and down. A third method of collecting wave energy relies on the rising water from the waves to compress air in a partially submerged chamber. As the waves rush into the chamber, they push the air out through a narrow tunnel. Located inside this tunnel is a turbine connected to a power generator. The movement of the air turns the turbine, which feeds energy into the generator. The drawback to each of these concepts is that the they make it necessary to have many pieces of machinery linked together. This presents a problem because the larger the device, the more vulnerable it is to damage from hazardous ocean environments, and the more likely it is to interfere with otherwise unspoiled coastal scenery. Also, these methods demand the construction of site-specific machines that take into consideration average local wave heights and sea conditions. Such a requirement can be quite cost-prohibitive, because engineers must create unique power generation mechanism for each site. In other words, the ability to get power from waves differ from region to region. Japan, Norway, and the UK have attempted to generate energy by capturing the power of ocean waves. In northern Scotland, the first power plan to use wave power, OSPREY ( Ocean Swell Powered Renewable Energy ), began operating in 1995. It followed the principle of the third method described above : waves entering a partially submerged chamber pushed air into turbines to generate electricity. The electricity was then transmitted to power collectors in the shore via underwater cables. Unfortunately, the OSPREY plant was destroyed in a large storm, highlighting an unavoidable difficulty associated with this kind of power generation. The potential benefits of wave-based energy are hard to ignore. Once the proper machinery is produced and installed, the energy is free. Maintenance cost are small, and the equipment does not pose any threats of environmental pollution. And best of all, the amounts of energy produced are enormous. However, these theoretical advantages have yet to be fully realized. In many cases, a lack of government funding has inhibited the technologies from advancing. For example, despite the relative abundance of proposed wave-power devices, many have not been adequately tested, and most have been evaluated only in artificial pools where they are not subjected to the harsh marine conditions that exist in actual oceans. Protecting the equipment from the sea’s destructive forces, as well as the fundamental task of determining feasible locations for collecting energy source are substantial and will require more time to overcome. Question 1: The phrase this source in the passage refers to A. sun B. wind C. dammed rivers D. oceans Question 2: The word exploit in the passage is closest meaning to A. utilize B. declare C. contain D. determine Question 3: Why does the author mention the Hoover Dam in paragraph one ? To give a current example of ocean–based energy technology To explain that dams are effective producers of sustainable energy To draw a comparison between two sources of renewable energy To show that alternative energy sources have not been successful Question 4: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true about wave– power technologies? Many of them use submerged objects to obtain the waves’ energy Compressed air must be present for them to work properly They undertake three steps in order to collect wave power They rely on the water’s motion to create electricity Question 5: According to paragraph 5, what part did the cables play in OSPREY’s design? They attached the partially submerged chamber to the sea floor They generated the electricity which was then collected in turbines. They conducted the electricity from the generator to the shore. They provided stability during powerful ocean storms. Question 6: The word inhibited in the passage is closest in meaning to A. delivered B. prevented C. protected D. approved Question 7: What can be inferred from paragraph 7 about governments? They do not believe wave–energy devices can withstand ocean forces. Their interests often conflict with those of the energy industries. They demand much scientific research before they provide funding. Their support is often essential to the success of new endeavors. Question 8: All of these are problems associated with the collection of wave energy EXCEPT ? the difficulty of finding feasible locations the destructive power of the ocean the size of the equipment involved the constant changing of the tides READING 7: Telecommuting-substituting the computer for the trip to the job-has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers, it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality, but these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes into his Office three days a week and works at home the other two. An acc