Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh theo chuyên đề tách từ đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 - Chuyên đề: Đọc hiểu - Đề 11 (Có đáp án)

Đọc hiểu FAMILY LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES Family life in the United States is changing. Fifty or sixty years ago, the wife was called a “housewife”. She cleaned, cooked, and cared for the children. The husband earned the money for the family. He was usually out working all day. He came home tired in the evening, so he did not do much housework. And he did not see the children very much, except on weekends. These days, however, more and more women work outside the home. They cannot stay with the children all day. They, too, come home tired in the evening. They do not want to spend the evening cooking dinner and cleaning up. They do not have time to clean the house and do the laundry. So who is going to do the housework now? Who is going to take care of the children? Many families solve the problem of housework by sharing it. In these families, the husband and wife agree to do different jobs around the house, or they take turns doing each job. For example, the husband always cooks dinner and the wife always does the laundry. Or the wife cooks dinner on some nights and the husband cooks dinner on other nights. Then there is the question of the children. In the past, many families got help with child care from grandparents. Now families usually do not live near their relatives. The grandparents are often too far away to help in a regular way. More often, parents have to pay for child care help. The help may be a babysitter or a day-care center. The problem with t his kind of help is the high cost. It is possible only for couples with jobs that pay well. Parents may get another kind of help form the companies they work for. Many companies now let people with children work part-time. That way, parents can spend more time with their children. Some husbands may even stop working for a while to stay with the children. For these men there is a new word. they are called “househusbands”. In the USA more and more men are becoming househusbands every year. These changes in the home mean changes in the family. Fathers can learn to understand their children better, and the children can get to know their fathers better. Husbands and wives may also find changes in their marriage. They, too, may have a better understanding of each other. Question 1: Sixty years ago, most women A. went out to work B. had no children C. did not do much housework D. were housewives Question 2: Nowadays, there are . more women going out to work than before more and more women staying with the children all day more work outside the home than before more housewives than before Question 3: The word “laundry” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. tidying up B. cooking and washing up C. washing and ironing D. Shopping Question 4: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that . couples with low-paid jobs can’t afford the cost of a babysitter or a day-care center grandparents can help care the children in a regular way all couples with jobs can pay for help from a babysitter or a day-care center in the past, grandparents did not help the couples with child care Question 5: The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to husbands who stop working to stay with the children fathers who spend more time with their children parents who work part-time children who spend more time with fathers than Question 6: The changes in the American home mentioned in this passage may A. help families B. not happen C. cause problems for a marriage D. not change the children at all Question 7: This article is about A. American men as househusbands B. housewives in America C. how more American women are working D. how family life in America is changing Question 8: What does the companies in USA do to help parents? A. Pay them more. B. pay for hiring babysitter. C. allow parents to work less than the usual. D. help them to bring up their children. The nuclear family, consisting of a mother, father, and their children, may be more an American ideal than an American reality. Of course, the so-called traditional American family was always more varied than we had been led to believe, reflecting the very different racial, ethnic, class, and religious customs among different American groups. The most recent government statistics reveal that only about one third of all current American families fit the traditional mold and another third consists of married couples who either have no children or have none still living at home. Of the final one third, about 20 percent of the total number of American households are single people, usually women over sixty-five years of age. A small percentage, about 3 percent of the total, consists of unmarried people who choose to live together; and the rest, about 7 percent are single, usually divorced parents, with at least one child. Today, these varied family types are typical, and therefore, normal. Apparently, many Americans are achieving supportive relationships in family forms other than the traditional one. Question 9: With what topic is the passage mainly concerned? A. The traditional American family B. The nuclear family C. The current American family D. The ideal family Question 10: The writer implies that . there have always been a wide variety of family arrangement in the United States racial, ethnic, and religious groups have preserved the traditional family structure the ideal American family is the best structure fewer married couples are having children Question 11: The word 'current' in line 7 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. typical B. present C. perfect D. traditional Question 12: In the passage, married couples whose children have grown or who have no children represent . A. 1/3 percent of households B. 20 percent of households C. 7 percent of households D. 3 percent of households Question 13: Who generally constitutes a one-person household? A. A single man in his twenties B. An elderly man C. A single woman in her late sixties D. A divorced woman Question 14: What is nuclear family? a social unit composed of two parents and one or more children. a family consisting of a family nucleus and various relatives, as grandparents. a family in which a parent brings up a child or children alone, without a partner a hard-up family Question 15: Unmarried people living together represent . A. 3 percent B. 20 percent C. 7 percent D. 1/3 percent In the world today, particularly in the two most industrialized areas, North America and Europe, recycling is big news. People are talking about it, practicing it, and discovering new ways to be sensitive to the environment. Recycling means finding was to use products a second time. The motto of the recycling movement is "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle". The first step is to reduce garbage. In stores, a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings. A hamburger from a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging. usually paper, a box, and a bag. All that packaging is wasted resources. People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse cups and utensils. Another way to reduce waste is to buy high- quality products. When low quality appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones - a loss of more resources and more energy. For example, if a customer buys a high- quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the manufacturer receives an important message. In the same way, if a customer chooses a product with less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers. To reduce garbage, the throwaway must stop. The second step is to reuse. It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in returnable bottles. After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the store. The manufacturers of the drinks collect the bottles, wash them, and then fill them again. The energy that is necessary to make new bottles is saved. In some parts of the world, returning bottles for money is a common practice. In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throwaway bottles. The third step is being environmentally sensitive is to recycle. Spent motor oil can be cleaned and used again. Aluminum cans are expensive to make. It takes the same amount of energy to make one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours. When people collect and recycle aluminum (for new cans), they help save one of the world's precious resources. Question 16: What is the main topic of the passage?. How to reduce garbage disposal. What people often understand about the term 'recycle’. What is involved in the recycling movement. How to live sensitively to the environment. Question 17: People can do the following to reduce waste EXCEPT A. buy high-quality product. B. buy simply-wrapped things. C. reuse cups. D. buy fewer hamburgers. Question 18: Why is it a waste when customers buy low-quality products? Because people will soon throw them away. Because they have to be repaired many times. Because customers change their ideas all the time. Because they produce less energy. Question 19: What best describes the process of reuse? The bottles are collected, washed, returned and filled again. The bottles are filled again after being returned, collected and washed. The bottles are washed, retuned, filled again and collected. The bottles are collected, returned filled again and washed. Question 20: What are the two things mentioned as examples of recycling? A. Aluminum cans and plastic wrappings. B. Hamburger wrappings and spent motor oil. C. Aluminum cans and spent motor oil. D. TV sets and aluminum cans. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions. Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm. Question 21: What does the passage mainly discuss? The economic impact of air pollution. What constitutes an air pollutant. How much harm air pollutants can cause. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere. Question 22: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that . water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled the definition of air pollution will continue to change a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities Question 23: For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution? They function as part of a purification process. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants. They have existed since the Earth developed. Question 24: According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions . can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants will damage areas outside of the localized regions will react harmfully with natural pollutants Question 25: The word “localized” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. specified B. circled C. surrounded D. encircled Question 26: According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if . A. the other substances in the area are known B. it is in a localized area C. the natural level is also known D. it can be calculated quickly Question 27: Which of the following is best supported by the passage? To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution. Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. This not only provided a more abundant food source but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today. As centuries passed and human cultures evolved and blossomed, humans began to organise their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history. One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine. The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect. For example, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembles an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ. Thus, an extract made from a heartshaped leaf might be prescribed for a person suffering from heart problems. Nevertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses. Question 28: What does this passage mainly discuss? A. Cures from plants B. The beginning of natural history C. Prehistoric man D. Early plants and animals Question 29: Domestication of plants and animals probably occurred because of . the need for more readily available food lack of wild animals and plant early man’s power as a hunter the desire of prehistoric man to be nomadic Question 30: The word “This” in the first paragraph refers to . providing food for man man’s domestication of plants and animals man’s ability to live on a small plot of land the earliest condition of prehistoric man Question 31: The word “blossomed” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. produced flowers B. changed C. learned D. flourished Question 32: An herbalist is which of the following? A. A dreamer B. An early historian C. Someone who uses plants in medicine D. A farmer Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modem scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often. Question 33: The most suitable title for the passage could be . “The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular” “Mobile Phones. A Must of Our Time” “The Way Mobile Phones Work” “Technological Innovations and Their Price” Question 34: According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with young people because . they make them look more stylish they are indispensable in every day communications they keep the users alert all the time they cannot be replaced by regular phones Question 35: The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with , the mobility of the mind and the body the resident memory the arteries of the brain the smallest units of the brain Question 36: According to the passage, what makes mobile phones potentially harmful is . their radiant light their power of attraction their raiding power their invisible rays Question 37: According to the writer, people should never use mobile phones in all cases only use mobile phones in medical emergencies keep off mobile phones regularly only use mobile phones in urgent cases Question 38: The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cellphone too often . suffered serious loss of mental ability had a problem with memory abandoned his family could no longer think lucidly Question 39: The word "potentially" in the passage most closely means A. obviously B. possibly C. certainly D. privately Most people think that lions only come from Africa. This is understandable because in fact most lions do come from there but this has not always been the case. If we went back ten thousand years. we would find that there were lions roaming vast sections of the globe. However now, unfortunately only a very small section of the lion’s former habitat remains. Asiatic lions are sub-species of African lions. It is almost a hundred thousand years since the Asiatic lions split off and developed as a sub-species. At one time the Asiatic lion was living as far west as Greece and they were found from there, but in a band that spreads east through various countries of the Middle East, all the way to India. In museums now, you can see Greek coins that have clear images of the Asiatic lion on them. Most of them are dated at around 500 B.C. However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lions roaming free to thousand years ago. Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but in India. The Gir Wildlife Sanctuary in India was established especially to protect the Asiatic lion. There are now around three hundred Asiatic lions in India and almost all of them are in this sanctuary. However, despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, they still face a number of problems that threaten their survival. One of these is the ever-present danger of disease. This is what killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions in 1994, and people are fearful that something similar could happen in the Gir Sanctuary and kill off many of the Asiatic lions there. India’s lions are particular vulnerable because they have a limited gene pool. The reason for this is interesting – it is because all of them are descended from a few dozen lions that were saved by a prince who took a particular interest in them. He was very healthy, and he managed to protect them otherwise they would probably have died out completely. When you see the Asiatic lion in India, what you sense is enormous vitality. They are very impressive animals and you would never guess that they this vulnerability when you look at them. Question 40: According to the passage, ten thousand years ago, . lions did not live in small forests lions came mainly from Africa lions roamed much more than nowadays there were much more lion habitats than nowadays Question 41: The phrase “split off” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. spotted animals B. divided C. developed into different species D. changed the original species Question 42: The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. weak B. careless C. cautious D. easily protected Question 43: The Asiatic lion . was looking for food mainly in the Middle East was searching for food in a wide range of countries was searching for food mainly in India and Africa was looking for food mainly in India Question 44: According to the author, the Gir Wildlife Sanctuary . protects the Asiatic lion from hunters and diseases cannot reduce the Asiatic lion’s risk of catching diseases can make the Asiatic lion become weak is among many places where the Asiatic lion is well protected Question 45: The author refers to all of the following as characteristics of the Asiatic lion EXCEPT that . A. strong B. vulnerable C. vital D. impressive Question 46: The passage is written to . persuade readers to protect the Asiatic lions explain why the Gir Sanctuary is the best habitat for the Asiatic lions describe the developmental history of the Gir Sanctuary provide an overview of the existence of the Asiatic lions If you enjoy water sports, Hawaii is the place for you. You can go swimming all year round in the warm water. You can go sport fishing from the shore or from a boat. If you like boats, you can go sailing, canoeing, or windsurfing. Or, you can also try some other water sports that are especially popular in Hawaii. surfing, snorkeling and scuba diving. Surfing is a sport which started in Hawaii many years ago. The Hawaiians called it “he’e nalu”, which means “to slide on a wave”. If you want to try surfing, you need, first of all, to be a good swimmer. You also have to have an excellent sense of balance. You must swim out from the beach with your surfboard under your arm. When you get to where the waves begin to break, you wait for a calm moment. Then you try to stand up on the board. The wave will begin to rise under you. You must try to steer the board with your feet so you stay on top of the wave. The important thing is to keep your balance and not fall down. If you can manage this, you will have an exciting ride all the way in to the shore. Scuba diving and snorkeling are two ways to get a close look at the beauty lying below the surface of the ocean. The waters off the Hawaiian Islands are clean, clear and warm. They contain hundreds of kinds of colorful fish. The undersea world is made even more colorful by the coral reefs of red, gold, white and light purple. Among these reefs there may be larger fish or sea turtles. Scuba diving allows you to see the most interesting undersea sights. “Scuba” means “Self- contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus”, that is, equipment for breathing and swimming around far under water. In Hawaii, you can take special courses to learn how to scuba dive. After the courses, you can get a certificate that will allow you to dive alone. Since it can be dangerous, proper instruction and great care are always necessary when you are scuba diving. If you are adventurous, you might try sno